Apparatus, system and method of communicating a wireless transmission according to a physical layer scheme

ABSTRACT

Some demonstrative embodiments include apparatuses, devices, systems and methods of communicating a wireless transmission according to a Physical Layer scheme. For example, a wireless station may be configured to generate a frame including a header and a data portion, the header including a modulation and coding scheme (MCS) value of an Orthogonal Frequency Divisional Multiplexing (OFDM) Physical layer (PHY) scheme or a Low Power Single Carrier (LPSC) PHY scheme; modulate and encode the header according to a Single Carrier (SC) PHY scheme; modulate and encode the data portion according to the OFDM PHY scheme or the LPSC PHY scheme; and process transmission of the frame.

CROSS REFERENCE

This application claims the benefit of and priority from U.S.Provisional Patent Application No. 62/110,687 entitled “Apparatus,System and Method of Communicating a Wireless Transmission According toa Physical Layer Scheme”, filed Feb. 2, 2015, the entire disclosure ofwhich is incorporated herein by reference.

TECHNICAL FIELD

Embodiments described herein generally relate to communicating awireless transmission according to a Physical layer (PHY) scheme.

BACKGROUND

A wireless communication network in a millimeter-wave band may providehigh-speed data access for users of wireless communication devices.

A wireless communication station may communicate a wireless transmissionaccording to a Physical layer (PHY) scheme.

The Specification of IEEE 802.11ad-2012 (“IEEE P802.11ad-2012, IEEEStandard for Information Technology—Telecommunications and InformationExchange Between Systems—Local and Metropolitan Area Networks—SpecificRequirements—Part 11: Wireless LAN Medium Access Control (MAC) andPhysical Layer (PHY) Specifications—Amendment 3: Enhancements for VeryHigh Throughput in the 60 GHz Band”, 28 Dec. 2012) defines four types ofPHY schemes. Specifically, the IEEE 802.11ad-2012 defines four types ofPhysical Layer (PHY) schemes for communication, e.g., Single Carrier(SC), Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM), Low Power SC.(LPSC), and control PHY.

According to the Specification of IEEE 802.11ad-2012, supportingreception of transmissions using basic SC modulations and Control PHYmay be mandatory for all devices, while supporting OFDM and LPSCtransmissions may be optional.

Accordingly, a device supporting only the SC and Control PHYconfigurations may not be able to decode OFDM and/or LPSC packets.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

For simplicity and clarity of illustration, elements shown in thefigures have not necessarily been drawn to scale. For example, thedimensions of some of the elements may be exaggerated relative to otherelements for clarity of presentation. Furthermore, reference numeralsmay be repeated among the figures to indicate corresponding or analogouselements. The figures are listed below.

FIG. 1 is a schematic block diagram illustration of a system, inaccordance with some demonstrative embodiments.

FIG. 2 is a schematic block diagram illustration of a Single Carrier(SC) frame structure, in accordance with some demonstrative embodiments.

FIG. 3 is a schematic block diagram illustration of an OrthogonalFrequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) frame structure, in accordancewith some demonstrative embodiments.

FIG. 4 is a schematic block diagram illustration a frame structureincluding two headers, in accordance with some demonstrativeembodiments.

FIG. 5 is a schematic flow-chart illustration of a method ofcommunicating a frame, in accordance with some demonstrativeembodiments.

FIG. 6 is a schematic flow-chart illustration of a method ofcommunicating a frame, in accordance with some demonstrativeembodiments.

FIG. 7 is a schematic illustration of a product of manufacture, inaccordance with some demonstrative embodiments.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

In the following detailed description, numerous specific details are setforth in order to provide a thorough understanding of some embodiments.However, it will be understood by persons of ordinary skill in the artthat some embodiments may be practiced without these specific details.In other instances, well-known methods, procedures, components, unitsand/or circuits have not been described in detail so as not to obscurethe discussion.

Discussions herein utilizing terms such as, for example, “processing”,“computing”, “calculating”, “determining”, “establishing”, “analyzing”,“checking”, or the like, may refer to operation(s) and/or process(es) ofa computer, a computing platform, a computing system, or otherelectronic computing device, that manipulate and/or transform datarepresented as physical (e.g., electronic) quantities within thecomputer's registers and/or memories into other data similarlyrepresented as physical quantities within the computer's registersand/or memories or other information storage medium that may storeinstructions to perform operations and/or processes.

The terms “plurality” and “a plurality”, as used herein, include, forexample, “multiple” or “two or more”. For example, “a plurality ofitems” includes two or more items.

References to “one embodiment”, “an embodiment”, “demonstrativeembodiment”, “various embodiments” etc., indicate that the embodiment(s)so described may include a particular feature, structure, orcharacteristic, but not every embodiment necessarily includes theparticular feature, structure, or characteristic. Further, repeated useof the phrase “in one embodiment” does not necessarily refer to the sameembodiment, although it may.

As used herein, unless otherwise specified the use of the ordinaladjectives “first”, “second”, “third” etc., to describe a common object,merely indicate that different instances of like objects are beingreferred to, and are not intended to imply that the objects so describedmust be in a given sequence, either temporally, spatially, in ranking,or in any other manner.

Some embodiments may be used in conjunction with various devices andsystems, for example, a User Equipment (UE), a Mobile Device (MD), awireless station (STA), a Personal Computer (PC), a desktop computer, amobile computer, a laptop computer, a notebook computer, a tabletcomputer, an Internet of Things (IoT) device, a sensor device, a servercomputer, a handheld computer, a handheld device, a Personal DigitalAssistant (PDA) device, a handheld PDA device, an on-board device, anoff-board device, a hybrid device, a vehicular device, a non-vehiculardevice, a mobile or portable device, a consumer device, a non-mobile ornon-portable device, a wireless communication station, a wirelesscommunication device, a wireless Access Point (AP), a wired or wirelessrouter, a wired or wireless modem, a video device, an audio device, anaudio-video (A/V) device, a wired or wireless network, a wireless areanetwork, a Wireless Video Area Network (WVAN), a Local Area Network(LAN), a Wireless LAN (WLAN), a Personal Area Network (PAN), a WirelessPAN (WPAN), and the like.

Some embodiments may be used in conjunction with devices and/or networksoperating in accordance with existing Wireless-Gigabit-Alliance (WGA)specifications (Wireless Gigabit Alliance, Inc WiGig MAC and PHYSpecification Version 1.1, April 2011, Final specification) and/orfuture versions and/or derivatives thereof, devices and/or networksoperating in accordance with existing IEEE 802.11 standards (IEEE802.11-2012, IEEE Standard for Information technology—Telecommunicationsand information exchange between systems Local and metropolitan areanetworks—Specific requirements Part 11: Wireless LAN Medium AccessControl (MAC) and Physical Layer (PHY) Specifications, Mar. 29, 2012;IEEE802.11ac-2013 (“IEEE P802.11ac-2013, IEEE Standard for InformationTechnology—Telecommunications and Information Exchange BetweenSystems—Local and Metropolitan Area Networks—Specific Requirements—Part11: Wireless LAN Medium Access Control (MAC) and Physical Layer (PHY)Specifications—Amendment 4: Enhancements for Very High Throughput forOperation in Bands below 6 GHz”, December, 2013); IEEE 802.11ad (“IEEEP802.11ad-2012, IEEE Standard for InformationTechnology—Telecommunications and Information Exchange BetweenSystems—Local and Metropolitan Area Networks—Specific Requirements—Part11: Wireless LAN Medium Access Control (MAC) and Physical Layer (PHY)Specifications—Amendment 3: Enhancements for Very High Throughput in the60 GHz Band”, 28 Dec. 2012); IEEE-802.11REVmc (“IEEE 802.11-REVmc™/D3.0,June 2014 draft standard for Information technology—Telecommunicationsand information exchange between systems Local and metropolitan areanetworks Specific requirements; Part 11: Wireless LAN Medium AccessControl (MAC) and Physical Layer (PHY) Specification”); IEEE802.11-ay(P802.11 ay Standard for Information Technology—Telecommunications andInformation Exchange Between Systems Local and Metropolitan AreaNetworks—Specific Requirements Part 11: Wireless IAN Medium AccessControl (MAC) and Physical Layer (PHY) Specifications—Amendment:Enhanced Throughput for Operation in License-Exempt Bands Above 45 GHz))and/or future versions and/or derivatives thereof, devices and/ornetworks operating in accordance with existing Wireless Fidelity (WiFi)Alliance (WFA) Peer-to-Peer (P2P) specifications (WiFi P2P technicalspecification, version 1.2, 2012) and/or future versions and/orderivatives thereof, devices and/or networks operating in accordancewith existing cellular specifications and/or protocols, e.g., 3rdGeneration Partnership Project (3GPP), 3GPP Long Term Evolution (LTE)and/or future versions and/or derivatives thereof, units and/or deviceswhich are part of the above networks, and the like.

Some embodiments may be used in conjunction with one way and/or two-wayradio communication systems, cellular radio-telephone communicationsystems, a mobile phone, a cellular telephone, a wireless telephone, aPersonal Communication Systems (PCS) device, a PDA device whichincorporates a wireless communication device, a mobile or portableGlobal Positioning System (GPS) device, a device which incorporates aGPS receiver or transceiver or chip, a device which incorporates an RFIDelement or chip, a Multiple Input Multiple Output (MIMO) transceiver ordevice, a Single Input Multiple Output (SIMO) transceiver or device, aMultiple Input Single Output (MISO) transceiver or device, a devicehaving one or more internal antennas and/or external antennas, DigitalVideo Broadcast (DVB) devices or systems, multi-standard radio devicesor systems, a wired or wireless handheld device, e.g., a Smartphone, aWireless Application Protocol (WAP) device, or the like.

Some embodiments may be used in conjunction with one or more types ofwireless communication signals and/or systems, for example, RadioFrequency (RF), Infra Red (IR), Frequency-Division Multiplexing (FDM),Orthogonal FDM (OFDM), Orthogonal Frequency-Division Multiple Access(OFDMA), FDM Time-Division Multiplexing (TDM), Time-Division MultipleAccess (TDMA), Multi-User MIMO (MU-MIMO), Spatial Division MultipleAccess (SDMA), Extended TDMA (E-TDMA), General Packet Radio Service(GPRS), extended GPRS, Code-Division Multiple Access (CDMA), WidebandCDMA (WCDMA), CDMA 2000, single-carrier CDMA, multi-carrier CDMA,Multi-Carrier Modulation (MDM), Discrete Multi-Tone (DMT), Bluetooth®,Global Positioning System (GPS), Wi-Fi, Wi-Max, ZigBee™, Ultra-Wideband(UWB), Global System for Mobile communication (GSM), 2G, 2.5G, 3G, 3.5G,4G, Fifth Generation (5G), or Sixth Generation (6G) mobile networks,3GPP, Long Term Evolution (LTE), LTE advanced, Enhanced Data rates forGSM Evolution (EDGE), or the like. Other embodiments may be used invarious other devices, systems and/or networks.

The term “wireless device”, as used herein, includes, for example, adevice capable of wireless communication, a communication device capableof wireless communication, a communication station capable of wirelesscommunication, a portable or non-portable device capable of wirelesscommunication, or the like. In some demonstrative embodiments, awireless device may be or may include a peripheral that is integratedwith a computer, or a peripheral that is attached to a computer. In somedemonstrative embodiments, the term “wireless device” may optionallyinclude a wireless service.

The term “communicating” as used herein with respect to a communicationsignal includes transmitting the communication signal and/or receivingthe communication signal. For example, a communication unit, which iscapable of communicating a communication signal, may include atransmitter to transmit the communication signal to at least one othercommunication unit, and/or a communication receiver to receive thecommunication signal from at least one other communication unit. Theverb communicating may be used to refer to the action of transmitting orthe action of receiving. In one example, the phrase “communicating asignal” may refer to the action of transmitting the signal by a firstdevice, and may not necessarily include the action of receiving thesignal by a second device. In another example, the phrase “communicatinga signal” may refer to the action of receiving the signal by a firstdevice, and may not necessarily include the action of transmitting thesignal by a second device.

Some demonstrative embodiments may be used in conjunction with a WLAN,e.g., a wireless fidelity (WiFi) network. Other embodiments may be usedin conjunction with any other suitable wireless communication network,for example, a wireless area network, a “piconet”, a WPAN, a WVAN andthe like.

Some demonstrative embodiments may be used in conjunction with awireless communication network communicating over a frequency band of 60GHz. However, other embodiments may be implemented utilizing any othersuitable wireless communication frequency bands, for example, anExtremely High Frequency (EHF) band (the millimeter wave (mmWave)frequency band), e.g., a frequency band within the frequency band ofbetween 20 Ghz and 300 GHZ, a frequency band above 45 GHZ, a frequencyband below 20 GHZ, e.g., a Sub 1 GHZ (S1G) band, a 2.4 GHz band, a 5 GHZband, a WLAN frequency band, a WPAN frequency band, a frequency bandaccording to the WGA specification, and the like.

The term “antenna”, as used herein, may include any suitableconfiguration, structure and/or arrangement of one or more antennaelements, components, units, assemblies and/or arrays. In someembodiments, the antenna may implement transmit and receivefunctionalities using separate transmit and receive antenna elements. Insome embodiments, the antenna may implement transmit and receivefunctionalities using common and/or integrated transmit/receiveelements. The antenna may include, for example, a phased array antenna,a single element antenna, a set of switched beam antennas, and/or thelike.

The phrases “directional multi-gigabit (DMG)” and “directional band”(DBand), as used herein, may relate to a frequency band wherein theChannel starting frequency is above 45 GHz. In one example, DMGcommunications may involve one or more directional links to communicateat a rate of multiple gigabits per second, for example, at least 1Gigabit per second, e.g., 7 Gigabit per second, or any other rate.

Some demonstrative embodiments may be implemented by a DMG STA (alsoreferred to as a “mmWave STA (mSTA)”), which may include for example, aSTA having a radio transmitter, which is capable of operating on achannel that is within the DMG band. The DMG STA may perform otheradditional or alternative functionality. Other embodiments may beimplemented by any other apparatus, device and/or station.

Reference is made to FIG. 1, which schematically illustrates a system100, in accordance with some demonstrative embodiments.

As shown in FIG. 1, in some demonstrative embodiments, system 100 mayinclude one or more wireless communication devices. For example, system100 may include wireless communication devices 102, 140 and/or 190.

In some demonstrative embodiments, devices 102 and/or 140 may includeand/or perform the functionality of one or more STAs. For example,device 102 may include at least one STA, and/or device 140 may includeat least one STA.

In some demonstrative embodiments, devices 102 and/or 140 may includeand/or perform the functionality of one or more DMG STAs. For example,device 102 may include at least one DMG STA, and/or device 140 mayinclude at least one DMG STA.

In some demonstrative embodiments, devices 102, 140 and/or 190 mayinclude a mobile device or a non-mobile, e.g., a static, device. Forexample, devices 102 and/or 140 may include, for example, a UE, an MD, aSTA, an AP, a PC, a desktop computer, a mobile computer, a laptopcomputer, an Ultrabook™ computer, a notebook computer, a tabletcomputer, an Internet of things (IoT) device, a sensor device, a servercomputer, a handheld computer, a handheld device, a PDA device, ahandheld PDA device, an on-board device, an off-board device, a hybriddevice (e.g., combining cellular phone functionalities with PDA devicefunctionalities), a consumer device, a vehicular device, a non-vehiculardevice, a mobile or portable device, a non-mobile or non-portabledevice, a mobile phone, a cellular telephone, a PCS device, a PDA devicewhich incorporates a wireless communication device, a mobile or portableGPS device, a DVB device, a relatively small computing device, anon-desktop computer, a “Carry Small Live Large” (CSLL) device, an UltraMobile Device (UMD), an Ultra Mobile PC (UMPC), a Mobile Internet Device(MID), an “Origami” device or computing device, a device that supportsDynamically Composable Computing (DCC), a context-aware device, a videodevice, an audio device, an A/V device, a Set-Top-Box (STB), a Blu-raydisc (BD) player, a BD recorder, a Digital Video Disc (DVD) player, aHigh Definition (HD) DVD player, a DVD recorder, a HD DVD recorder, aPersonal Video Recorder (PVR), a broadcast HD receiver, a video source,an audio source, a video sink, an audio sink, a stereo tuner, abroadcast radio receiver, a flat panel display, a Personal Media Player(PMP), a digital video camera (DVC), a digital audio player, a speaker,an audio receiver, an audio amplifier, a gaming device, a data source, adata sink, a Digital Still camera (DSC), a media player, a Smartphone, atelevision, a music player, or the like.

In some demonstrative embodiments, device 102 may include, for example,one or more of a processor 191, an input unit 192, an output unit 193, amemory unit 194, and/or a storage unit 195; and/or device 140 mayinclude, for example, one or more of a processor 181, an input unit 182,an output unit 183, a memory unit 184, and/or a storage unit 185.Devices 102 and/or 140 may optionally include other suitable hardwarecomponents and/or software components. In some demonstrativeembodiments, some or all of the components of one or more of devices 102and/or 140 may be enclosed in a common housing or packaging, and may beinterconnected or operably associated using one or more wired orwireless links. In other embodiments, components of one or more ofdevices 102 and/or 140 may be distributed among multiple or separatedevices.

Processor 191 and/or processor 181 includes, for example, a CentralProcessing Unit (CPU), a Digital Signal Processor (DSP), one or moreprocessor cores, a single-core processor, a dual-core processor, amultiple-core processor, a microprocessor, a host processor, acontroller, a plurality of processors or controllers, a chip, amicrochip, one or more circuits, circuitry, a logic unit, an IntegratedCircuit (IC), an Application-Specific IC (ASIC), or any other suitablemulti-purpose or specific processor or controller. Processor 191executes instructions, for example, of an Operating System (OS) ofdevice 102 and/or of one or more suitable applications. Processor 181executes instructions, for example, of an Operating System (OS) ofdevice 140 and/or of one or more suitable applications.

Input unit 192 and/or input unit 182 includes, for example, a keyboard,a keypad, a mouse, a touch-screen, a touch-pad, a track-ball, a stylus,a microphone, or other suitable pointing device or input device. Outputunit 193 and/or output unit 183 includes, for example, a monitor, ascreen, a touch-screen, a flat panel display, a Light Emitting Diode(LED) display unit, a Liquid Crystal Display (LCD) display unit, aplasma display unit, one or more audio speakers or earphones, or othersuitable output devices.

Memory unit 194 and/or memory unit 184 includes, for example, a RandomAccess Memory (RAM), a Read Only Memory (ROM), a Dynamic RAM (DRAM), aSynchronous DRAM (SD-RAM), a flash memory, a volatile memory, anon-volatile memory, a cache memory, a buffer, a short term memory unit,a long term memory unit, or other suitable memory units. Storage unit195 and/or storage unit 185 includes, for example, a hard disk drive, afloppy disk drive, a Compact Disk (CD) drive, a CD-ROM drive, a DVDdrive, or other suitable removable or non-removable storage units.Memory unit 194 and/or storage unit 195, for example, may store dataprocessed by device 102. Memory unit 184 and/or storage unit 185, forexample, may store data processed by device 140.

In some demonstrative embodiments, wireless communication devices 102,140 and/or 190 may be capable of communicating content, data,information and/or signals via a wireless medium (WM) 103. In somedemonstrative embodiments, wireless medium 103 may include, for example,a radio channel, a cellular channel, an RF channel, a Wireless Fidelity(WiFi) channel, an IR channel, a Bluetooth (BT) channel, a GlobalNavigation Satellite System (GNSS) Channel, and the like.

In some demonstrative embodiments, WM 103 may include a directionalchannel. For example, WM 103 may include a millimeter-wave (mmWave)wireless communication channel.

In some demonstrative embodiments, WM 103 may include a DMG channel. Inother embodiments WM 103 may include any other directional channel.

In other embodiments, WM 103 may include any other type of channel overany other frequency band.

In some demonstrative embodiments, devices 102, 140 and/or 190 mayinclude one or more radios including circuitry and/or logic to performwireless communication between devices 102, 140, 190 and/or one or moreother wireless communication devices. For example, device 102 mayinclude a radio 114, and/or device 140 may include at least one radio144.

In some demonstrative embodiments, radios 114 and/or 144 may include oneor more wireless receivers (Rx) including circuitry and/or logic toreceive wireless communication signals, RF signals, frames, blocks,transmission streams, packets, messages, data items, and/or data. Forexample, radio 114 may include a receiver 116, and/or radio 144 mayinclude a receiver 146.

In some demonstrative embodiments, radios 114 and/or 144 may include oneor more wireless transmitters (Tx) including circuitry and/or logic tosend wireless communication signals, RF signals, frames, blocks,transmission streams, packets, messages, data items, and/or data. Forexample, radio 114 may include a transmitter 118, and/or radio 144 mayinclude a transmitter 148.

In some demonstrative embodiments, radios 114 and/or 144 may includecircuitry, logic, modulation elements, demodulation elements,amplifiers, analog to digital and digital to analog converters, filters,and/or the like. For example, radios 114 and/or 144 may include or maybe implemented as part of a wireless Network Interface Card (NIC), andthe like.

In some demonstrative embodiments, radios 114 and/or 144 may include, ormay be associated with, one or more antennas 107 and/or 147,respectively.

In one example, device 102 may include a single antenna 107. In otherexample, device 102 may include two or more antennas 107.

In one example, device 140 may include a single antenna 147. In otherexample, device 140 may include two or more antennas 147.

Antennas 107 and/or 147 may include any type of antennas suitable fortransmitting and/or receiving wireless communication signals, blocks,frames, transmission streams, packets, messages and/or data. Forexample, antennas 107 and/or 147 may include any suitable configuration,structure and/or arrangement of one or more antenna elements,components, units, assemblies and/or arrays. Antennas 107 and/or 147 mayinclude, for example, antennas suitable for directional communication,e.g., using beamforming techniques. For example, antennas 107 and/or 147may include a phased array antenna, a multiple element antenna, a set ofswitched beam antennas, and/or the like. In some embodiments, antennas107 and/or 147 may implement transmit and receive functionalities usingseparate transmit and receive antenna elements. In some embodiments,antennas 107 and/or 147 may implement transmit and receivefunctionalities using common and/or integrated transmit/receiveelements.

In some demonstrative embodiments, antennas 107 and/or 147 may include adirectional antenna, which may be steered to a plurality of beamdirections.

In some demonstrative embodiments, device 102 may include a controller124, and/or device 140 may include a controller 154. Controllers 124and/or 154 may be configured to perform one or more communications, maygenerate and/or communicate one or more messages and/or transmissions,and/or may perform one or more functionalities, operations and/orprocedures between devices 102, 140 and/or 190 and/or one or more otherdevices, e.g., as described below.

In some demonstrative embodiments, controllers 124 and/or 154 mayinclude circuitry and/or logic, e.g., one or more processors includingcircuitry and/or logic, memory circuitry and/or logic, Media-AccessControl (MAC) circuitry and/or logic, Physical Layer (PHY) circuitryand/or logic, and/or any other circuitry and/or logic, configured toperform the functionality of controllers 124 and/or 154, respectively.Additionally or alternatively, one or more functionalities ofcontrollers 124 and/or 154 may be implemented by logic, which may beexecuted by a machine and/or one or more processors, e.g., as describedbelow.

In one example, controller 124 may include circuitry and/or logic, forexample, one or more processors including circuitry and/or logic, tocause a wireless device, e.g., device 102, and/or a wireless station,e.g., a wireless STA implemented by device 102, to perform one or moreoperations, communications and/or functionalities, e.g., as describedherein.

In one example, controller 154 may include circuitry and/or logic, forexample, one or more processors including circuitry and/or logic, tocause a wireless device, e.g., device 140, and/or a wireless station,e.g., a wireless STA implemented by device 140, to perform one or moreoperations, communications and/or functionalities, e.g., as describedherein.

In some demonstrative embodiments, device 102 may include a messageprocessor 128 configured to generate, process and/or access one ormessages communicated by device 102.

In one example, message processor 128 may be configured to generate oneor more messages to be transmitted by device 102, and/or messageprocessor 128 may be configured to access and/or to process one or moremessages received by device 102, e.g., as described below. In oneexample, message processor 128 may be configured to process transmissionof one or more messages from a wireless station, e.g., a wireless STAimplemented by device 102; and/or message processor 128 may beconfigured to process reception of one or more messages by a wirelessstation, e.g., a wireless STA implemented by device 102.

In some demonstrative embodiments, device 140 may include a messageprocessor 158 configured to generate, process and/or access one ormessages communicated by device 140.

In one example, message processor 158 may be configured to generate oneor more messages to be transmitted by device 140, and/or messageprocessor 158 may be configured to access and/or to process one or moremessages received by device 140, e.g., as described below. In oneexample, message processor 158 may be configured to process transmissionof one or more messages from a wireless station, e.g., a wireless STAimplemented by device 140; and/or message processor 158 may beconfigured to process reception of one or more messages by a wirelessstation, e.g., a wireless STA implemented by device 140.

In some demonstrative embodiments, message processors 128 and/or 158 mayinclude circuitry, e.g., processor circuitry, memory circuitry,Media-Access Control (MAC) circuitry, Physical Layer (PHY) circuitry,and/or any other circuitry, configured to perform the functionality ofmessage processors 128 and/or 158. Additionally or alternatively, one ormore functionalities of message processors 128 and/or 158 may beimplemented by logic, which may be executed by a machine and/or one ormore processors, e.g., as described below.

In some demonstrative embodiments, at least part of the functionality ofmessage processor 128 may be implemented as part of radio 114, and/or atleast part of the functionality of message processor 158 may beimplemented as part of radio 144.

In some demonstrative embodiments, at least part of the functionality ofmessage processor 128 may be implemented as part of controller 124,and/or at least part of the functionality of message processor 158 maybe implemented as part of controller 154.

In other embodiments, the functionality of message processor 128 may beimplemented as part of any other element of device 102, and/or thefunctionality of message processor 158 may be implemented as part of anyother element of device 104.

In some demonstrative embodiments, at least part of the functionality ofcontroller 124 and/or message processor 128 may be implemented by anintegrated circuit, for example, a chip, e.g., a System in Chip (SoC).In one example, the chip or SoC may be configured to perform one or morefunctionalities of radio 114. For example, the chip or SoC may includeone or more elements of controller 124, one or more elements of messageprocessor 128, and/or one or more elements of radio 114. In one example,controller 124, message processor 128, and radio 114 may be implementedas part of the chip or SoC.

In other embodiments, controller 124, message processor 128 and/or radio114 may be implemented by one or more any additional or alternativeelements of device 102.

In some demonstrative embodiments, at least part of the functionality ofcontroller 154 and/or message processor 158 may be implemented by anintegrated circuit, for example, a chip, e.g., a SoC. In one example,the chip or SoC may be configured to perform one or more functionalitiesof radio 144. For example, the chip or SoC may include one or moreelements of controller 154, one or more elements of message processor158, and/or one or more elements of radio 144. In one example,controller 154, message processor 158, and radio 144 may be implementedas part of the chip or SoC.

In other embodiments, controller 154, message processor 158 and/or radio144 may be implemented by one or more any additional or alternativeelements of device 140.

In some demonstrative embodiments, devices 102, 140 and/or 190 may beconfigured to support and/or perform communication according to one ormore Physical layer (PHY) schemes, configurations and/or types (“PHYconfigurations” or “PHY schemes”).

In some demonstrative embodiments, devices 102, 140 and/or 190 may beconfigured to support transmissions according to one or more types ofphysical layers (PHY), e.g., one or more of four types of physicallayers or any other number of PHY types.

In some demonstrative embodiments, devices 102, 140 and/or 190 may beconfigured to support transmissions according to one or more of a SingleCarrier (SC) PHY, an OFDM PHY, a Low Power SC (LPSC) PHY, a Control PHY,and/or any other PHY type.

In some demonstrative embodiments, devices 102, 140 and/or 190 may beconfigured to support transmissions according to the SC PHY, the OFDMPHY, the LPSC PHY and/or the Control PHY, for example, in accordancewith PHY schemes of an IEEE Specification, for example, an IEEE 802.11Specification, e.g., IEEE 802.11ad-2012, IEEE 802.11REVmc, and/or anyother Specification and/or protocol.

In some demonstrative embodiments, devices of system 100, e.g., devices102, 140 and/or 190, may be required to support one or more PHYconfigurations, while support of one or more other PHY configurationsmay be optional.

In one example, reception of SC transmissions, e.g., basic SCmodulations, and Control PHY transmissions, may be defined as mandatoryfor all devices of system 100, e.g., including devices 102, 140 and/or190, while supporting OFDM PHY, LPSC PHY, and/or one or more other PHYconfigurations may be optional.

In some demonstrative embodiments, one or more devices of system 100,e.g., devices 102 and/or 140, may support one or more PHYconfigurations, for example, including at least OFDM PHY and/or LPSCPHY, for example, in addition to supporting SC PHY and/or Control PHY.

In some demonstrative embodiments, one or more devices of system 100,e.g., device 190, may not support OFDM PHY, LPSC PHY and/or one or moreother PHY configurations, e.g., while supporting SC PHY and/or ControlPHY.

In some demonstrative embodiments, one or more portions of packets(“OFDM and/or LPSC packets”) transmitted according to the OFDM PHYand/or LPSC PHY schemes may have a modulation and/or coding scheme,which may not be supported by the SC PHY and/or the Control PHY.

In some demonstrative embodiments, a device not supporting OFDM PHYand/or LPSC PHY, for example, a device supporting only SC PHY (“SC onlydevice”), e.g., device 190, may not be able to demodulate and/or decodeone or more portions of the OFDM and/or LPSC packets, for example, ifthe one or more portions are modulated and/or encoded using a modulationand/or encoding scheme, which is different from a modulation and codingscheme supported by the SC PHY and/or the Control PHY.

In one example, the SC only device, e.g., device 190, may not be able todemodulate and/or decode a header of a packet, for example, if theheader is modulated and/or encoded using a modulation and/or encodingscheme, which may be different from a modulation and/or encoding schemesupported by the SC PHY and/or the Control PHY.

In another example, the SC only device, e.g., device 190, may not beable to perform a correct channel estimation based on a channelestimation (CE) field of a packet, for example, if the CE field includesa CE sequence configured according to a modulation and/or encodingscheme, which may be different from a SC modulation and/or encodingscheme.

According to these embodiments, the SC only device, e.g., device 190,may not be able to determine a length and/or duration, e.g., a Transmittime (TxTIME), of the packet. Therefore, the SC only device, e.g.,device 190, may not be able to determine when it may be allowed to starta transmission. This situation may potentially result, for example, in acoexistence problem, e.g., a major coexistence problem, across PHYs,e.g., between devices supporting OFDM PHY and/or LPSC PHY, e.g., devices102 and/or 140, and devices not supporting OFDM PHY and/or LPSC PHY,e.g., device 190.

In some demonstrative embodiments, a modulation of the OFDM and/or LPSCpacket according to a scheme defined, for example, by the IEEE802.11ad-2012 Specification, may not enable SC only devices, e.g.,device 190, to determine the length (TXTIME) of packets which are OFDMor LPSC packets.

FIG. 2 schematically illustrates a SC frame structure of a frame 200(“SC frame”), in accordance with some demonstrative embodiments.

In some demonstrative embodiments, the SC frame structure of FIG. 2 maybe configured in accordance with an IEEE Specification, for example, anIEEE 802.11 Specification, e.g., an IEEE 802.11ad-2012 Specification,and/or any other Specification or Standard.

In some demonstrative embodiments, as shown in FIG. 2, frame 200 mayinclude a short training field 202, a CE field 204, a header field 206,a data portion 208, e.g., including a plurality of data blocks (BLK)209, an Automatic Gain Control (AGC) field 210, and/or a Training (TRN)field 212.

In some demonstrative embodiments, at least the CE field 204, the headerfield 206, and the data portion 208 may be encoded and/or modulatedaccording to a SC PHY scheme. The SC PHY scheme may include, forexample, a SC PHY modulation and/or coding scheme, for example, inaccordance with an IEEE Specification, for example, an IEEE 802.11Specification, e.g., an IEEE 802.11ad-2012 Specification, and/or anyother Specification or Standard.

In some demonstrative embodiments, a LPSC PHY frame structure may besimilar, e.g., for one or more of the embodiments described herein, tothe frame structure of the SC PHY frame 200 of FIG. 2.

For example, an LPSC frame may have a structure similar to the structureof frame 200. In one example, header 206 may include a LPSC header, anddata portion 208 may be encoded and/or modulated according to a LPSC PHYscheme. The LPSC PHY scheme may include, for example, a LPSC PHYmodulation and/or coding scheme, for example, in accordance with an IEEESpecification, for example, an IEEE 802.11 Specification, e.g., an IEEE802.11ad-2012 Specification, and/or any other Specification or Standard.

In some demonstrative embodiments, header field 206 may include amodulation and coding scheme (MCS) field 207 including an MCS value,e.g., as described below.

FIG. 3 schematically illustrates an OFDM frame structure of a frame 300(“OFDM frame”), in accordance with some demonstrative embodiments.

In some demonstrative embodiments, the OFDM frame structure of FIG. 3may be configured in accordance with an IEEE Specification, for example,an IEEE 802.11 Specification, e.g., an IEEE 802.11ad-2012 Specification,and/or any other Specification or Standard.

In some demonstrative embodiments, as shown in FIG. 3, frame 300 mayinclude a short training field 302, a CE field 304, a header field 306,a data portion 308, e.g., including a plurality of OFDM Symbols (SYM)309, and AGC field 310, and/or a Training (TRN) field 312.

In some demonstrative embodiments, header field 306 may include amodulation and coding scheme (MCS) field 307 including an MCS value,e.g., as described below.

In some demonstrative embodiments, the data portion 308 may be encodedand/or modulated according to an OFDM PHY scheme. The OFDM PHY schememay include, for example, an OFDM PHY modulation and/or coding scheme,for example, in accordance with an IEEE Specification, for example, anIEEE 802.11 Specification, e.g., an IEEE 802.11ad-2012 Specification,and/or any other Specification or Standard.

In some demonstrative embodiments, the CE field 304 of the OFDM frame300 may be different from the CE field 204 of the SC frame 200.

In some demonstrative embodiments, a number of bits in the header 206(SC header) of frame 200 may be the same as a number of bits in theheader 306 (OFDM header) of OFDM frame 300.

Referring back to FIG. 1, in some demonstrative embodiments, a devicethat supports OFDM PHY, e.g., device 102 and/or device 140, may be ableto detect the CE field of an OFDM frame, e.g., CE field 304 (FIG. 3) ofOFDM frame 300 (FIG. 3), which may be different from the CE field of aSC frame, e.g., CE field 204 (FIG. 2) of SC frame 200 (FIG. 2).

In some demonstrative embodiments, if the header of the OFDM frame,e.g., header 306 (FIG. 3), is modulated according to an OFDM modulationscheme, the device supporting OFDM PHY, e.g., device 102 and/or device140, may be able to proceed to demodulate the header of the OFDM frame,for example, using an OFDM demodulation scheme, e.g., rather than a SCdemodulation scheme.

In some demonstrative embodiments, if the header of the OFDM frame,e.g., header 306 (FIG. 3), is modulated according to an OFDM modulationscheme, a SC only receiver, e.g., device 190, may not be able todemodulate and/or decode the OFDM header and, therefore, the SC onlyreceiver may not be able to determine the length of the OFDM frame.

In some demonstrative embodiments, the inability of the SC only receiverto demodulate the header of the OFDM frame may lead to a situation, inwhich the SC only device, e.g., device 190, may not be able correctlyoperate a virtual carrier sense function, e.g., which may be requiredfor channel access, for example, since the SC only device may not beable to determine the actual length of the OFDM frame.

In some demonstrative embodiments, if the header of a LPSC frame, e.g.,header 206 (FIG. 2) of a LPSC frame having a frame structure of FIG. 2,is modulated according to a LPSC modulation scheme, a device supportingLPSC PHY, e.g., device 102 and/or device 140, may be able to proceed todemodulate the header of the LPSC frame, for example, using a LPSCdemodulation scheme, e.g., rather than a SC demodulation scheme.

In some demonstrative embodiments, if the header of the LPSC frame,e.g., header 206 (FIG. 2) of the LPSC frame, is modulated according to aLPSC modulation scheme, a SC only receiver, e.g., device 190, may not beable to demodulate and/or decode the LPSC header and, therefore, the SConly receiver may not be able to determine the length of the LPSC frame.

In some demonstrative embodiments, the inability of the SC only receiverto demodulate the header of the LPSC frame may lead to a situation, inwhich the SC only device, e.g., device 190, may not be able correctlyoperate a virtual carrier sense function, e.g., which may be requiredfor channel access, for example, since the SC only device may not beable to determine the actual length of the LPSC frame.

In some demonstrative embodiments, a device, e.g., device 102, may beconfigured to transmit an OFDM frame and/or a LPSC frame, for example,to another device, e.g., device 140, which may be configured to supportOFDM PHY and/or LPSC PHY. The OFDM frame and/or a LPSC frame may beconfigured to enable a device, e.g., device 190, which does not supportOFDM PHY and/or LPSC PHY, to demodulate and/or decode one or moreportions of the OFDM frame and/or a LPSC frame, for example, in a mannerwhich may be sufficient to determine a duration of the OFDM frame and/ora LPSC frame, e.g., as described below.

In some demonstrative embodiments, device 102 and/or device 140 may beconfigured to support transmission and/or reception of both OFDM framesand LPSC frames. In other embodiments, device 102 and/or device 140 maybe configured to support transmission and/or reception of OFDM frames,e.g., while not being able to support transmission and/or reception ofLPSC frames. In other embodiments, device 102 and/or device 140 may beconfigured to support transmission and/or reception of LPSC frames,e.g., while not being able to support transmission and/or reception ofOFDM frames.

In some demonstrative embodiments, device 102 may be configured totransmit a packet using a single preamble and/or header format, whichmay, for example, be applied with respect to packets of a plurality ofPHY types, for example, including the OFDM PHY, the SC PHY, and/or theLPSC PHY, e.g., as described below.

In some demonstrative embodiments, the header of the frame mayoptionally be followed by another header, e.g., as described below.

In some demonstrative embodiments, device 102 may be configured to usethe header fields of the OFDM and/or LPSC headers, while, for example,being configured to encode and/or modulate the header, for example,using the same bits as in SC, e.g., an encoding of a SC PHY header.

In some demonstrative embodiments, a device, e.g., device 102, may beconfigured to use the same header field and/or CE field structure for SCand OFDM and/or LPSC frames, for example, instead of using a differentheader field and/or CE field, e.g., as described below.

In some demonstrative embodiments, a device, e.g., device 102, may beconfigured to use the same CE field and/or header encoding and/ormodulation for SC and OFDM and/or LPSC frames. In one example, theactual bits in the header may not be changed.

In some demonstrative embodiments, a device, e.g., device 140, thatreceives a frame with this header may be able to detect that the frameis an OFDM frame, a SC frame, or an LPSC frame, for example, byinspecting the field of the modulation and coding scheme (MCS) in theheader, e.g., MCS field 207 (FIG. 2) for a SC frame or an LPSC frame, orfield 307 (FIG. 3) for an OFDM frame, e.g., as described below.

In some demonstrative embodiments, an MCS field of a SC frame, forexample, MCS field 207 (FIG. 2) may have an MCS value of a SC PHYscheme. For example, MCS field 207 (FIG. 2) may have a value within afirst range of MCS values, e.g., an MCS value between 1-12, or any otherrange.

In some demonstrative embodiments, an MCS field of an OFDM frame, forexample, MCS field 307 (FIG. 3) may have an MCS value of an OFDM PHYscheme. For example, MCS field 307 (FIG. 3) may have a value within asecond range of MCS values, e.g., an MCS value between 13-24, or anyother range.

In some demonstrative embodiments, an MCS field of an LPSC frame, forexample, MCS field 207 (FIG. 2) may have an MCS value of an LPSC PHYscheme. For example, MCS field 207 (FIG. 2) may have a value within athird range of MCS values, e.g., an MCS value between 25-31, or anyother range.

In some demonstrative embodiments, controller 124 may be configured tocause a wireless station, for example, a wireless station implemented bydevice 102, to generate a frame including a header and a data portion.For example, controller 124 may cause message processor 128 to generatethe frame.

In some demonstrative embodiments, the header of the frame may includean MCS value of an OFDM PHY scheme or an LPSC PHY scheme.

In some demonstrative embodiments, the frame may include an OFDM frame,e.g., having a frame structure of FIG. 3. According to theseembodiments, the header of the frame, e.g., header 306 (FIG. 3), mayinclude an MCS field, e.g., MCS field 307 (FIG. 3), having an MCS valueof an OFDM PHY scheme, e.g., as described below.

In some demonstrative embodiments, the frame may include an LPSC frame,having an LPSC frame structure, e.g., in accordance with the framestructure of FIG. 2. According to these embodiments, the header of theframe, e.g., header 206 (FIG. 2), may include an MCS field, e.g., MCSfield 207 (FIG. 2), having an MCS value of an LPSC PHY scheme, e.g., asdescribed below.

In some demonstrative embodiments, controller 124 may cause the wirelessstation to modulate and encode the header according to a SC PHY scheme,for example, using a modulation and encoding scheme of a SC PHY header.

In some demonstrative embodiments, the frame may include an OFDM frame,e.g., having a frame structure of FIG. 3. According to theseembodiments, controller 124 may cause the wireless station to modulateand encode the header of the frame, e.g., header 306 (FIG. 3), accordingto the SC PHY scheme, e.g., as described below.

In some demonstrative embodiments, the frame may include an LPSC frame,having an LPSC frame structure, e.g., in accordance with the framestructure of FIG. 2. According to these embodiments, controller 124 maycause the wireless station to modulate and encode the header of theframe, e.g., header 206 (FIG. 2), according to the SC PHY scheme, e.g.,as described below.

In some demonstrative embodiments, controller 124 may cause the wirelessstation to modulate and encode the data portion according to the OFDMPHY scheme or the LPSC PHY scheme.

In some demonstrative embodiments, the frame may include an OFDM frame,e.g., having a frame structure of FIG. 3. According to theseembodiments, controller 124 may cause the wireless station to modulateand encode the data portion of the frame, e.g., data portion 308 (FIG.3), according to the OFDM PHY scheme, e.g., as described below.

In some demonstrative embodiments, the frame may include an LPSC frame,having an LPSC frame structure, e.g., in accordance with the framestructure of FIG. 2. According to these embodiments, controller 124 maycause the wireless station to modulate and encode the data portion theframe, e.g., data portion 208 (FIG. 2), according to the LPSC PHYscheme, e.g., as described below.

In some demonstrative embodiments, controller 124 may cause the wirelessstation to process transmission of the frame. For example, controller124 may cause radio 114 to transmit the frame.

In some demonstrative embodiments, controller 124 may set the MCS valuein the MCS field of the header of frame, for example, based on the PHYscheme to modulate the data portion of the frame, e.g., as describedbelow.

In some demonstrative embodiments, controller 124 may cause the wirelessstation to set the MCS value, e.g., in MCS field 307 (FIG. 3), to avalue between 13 and 24, and to modulate and encode the data portion,e.g., data portion 308 (FIG. 3), according to the OFDM PHY scheme.

In some demonstrative embodiments, controller 124 may cause the wirelessstation to set the MCS value, e.g., in MCS field 207 (FIG. 2), to avalue between 25 and 31, and to modulate and encode the data portion,e.g., data portion 208 (FIG. 2), according to the LPSC PHY scheme.

In some demonstrative embodiments, controller 124 may cause the wirelessstation to process transmission of the header of the frame, e.g., header306 (FIG. 3), over a single carrier, and the data portion of the frame,e.g., data portion 308 (FIG. 3), over a multi-carrier, for example, ifthe frame is an OFDM frame.

In some demonstrative embodiments, controller 124 may cause the wirelessstation to process transmission of the header of the frame, e.g., header206 (FIG. 2), and the data portion of the frame, e.g., data portion 208(FIG. 2), over a single carrier, for example, if the frame is an LPSCframe.

In some demonstrative embodiments, controller 154 may be configured tocause a wireless station, for example, a wireless station implemented bydevice 140, to process reception of a frame (“the received frame”)including a header and a data portion. For example, controller 154 maycause radio 144 and/or message processor 158 to process reception of theframe.

In one example, the received frame may include the frame transmitted bydevice 102.

In some demonstrative embodiments, the header of the received frame mayinclude an MCS value of an OFDM PHY scheme or an LPSC PHY scheme.

In some demonstrative embodiments, the received frame may include anOFDM frame, e.g., having a frame structure of FIG. 3. According to theseembodiments, the header of the received frame, e.g., header 306 (FIG.3), may include an MCS field, e.g., MCS field 307 (FIG. 3), having anMCS value of an OFDM PHY scheme, e.g., as described below.

In some demonstrative embodiments, the received frame may include anLPSC frame, having an LPSC frame structure, e.g., in accordance with theframe structure of FIG. 2. According to these embodiments, the header ofthe received frame, e.g., header 206 (FIG. 2), may include an MCS field,e.g., MCS field 207 (FIG. 2), having an MCS value of an LPSC PHY scheme,e.g., as described below.

In some demonstrative embodiments, controller 154 may cause the wirelessstation to demodulate and decode the header of the received frameaccording to a SC PHY scheme.

In some demonstrative embodiments, the received frame may include anOFDM frame, e.g., having a frame structure of FIG. 3. According to theseembodiments, controller 154 may cause the wireless station to demodulateand decode the header of the received frame, e.g., header 306 (FIG. 3),according to the SC PHY scheme, e.g., as described below.

In some demonstrative embodiments, the received frame may include anLPSC frame, having an LPSC frame structure, e.g., in accordance with theframe structure of FIG. 2. According to these embodiments, controller154 may cause the wireless station to demodulate and decode the headerof the frame, e.g., header 206 (FIG. 2), according to the SC PHY scheme,e.g., as described below.

In some demonstrative embodiments, controller 154 may cause the wirelessstation to demodulate and decode the data portion of the received frame,for example, based on the MCS value in the header portion of thereceived frame.

In some demonstrative embodiments, controller 154 may cause the wirelessstation to demodulate and decode the data portion of the received frameaccording to the OFDM PHY scheme or the LPSC PHY scheme, for example,based on the MCS value in the header portion of the received frame.

In some demonstrative embodiments, controller 154 may cause the wirelessstation to demodulate and decode the data portion of the received frame,e.g., data portion 308 (FIG. 3), according to the OFDM PHY scheme, forexample, when the MCS value, e.g., in MCS field 307 (FIG. 3), is between13 and 24.

In some demonstrative embodiments, controller 154 may cause the wirelessstation to demodulate and decode the data portion of the received frame,e.g., data portion 208 (FIG. 2), according to the LPSC PHY scheme, forexample, when the MCS value, e.g., in MCS field 207 (FIG. 2), is between25 and 31.

In some demonstrative embodiments, controller 154 may cause the wirelessstation to process reception of the header of the frame, e.g., header306 (FIG. 3), over a single carrier, and the data portion of the frame,e.g., data portion 308 (FIG. 3), over a multi-carrier.

In some demonstrative embodiments, controller 154 may cause radio 144 toprocess reception of the data portion of the received frame over amulti-carrier, for example, if the MCS value in the header portion ofthe received frame is an MCS value of an OFDM PHY scheme, e.g., an MCSvalue between 13 and 24.

In some demonstrative embodiments, controller 124 may cause the wirelessstation to process reception of the header of the received frame, e.g.,header 206 (FIG. 2), and the data portion of the received frame, e.g.,data portion 208 (FIG. 2), over a single carrier, for example, if theframe is an LPSC frame.

In some demonstrative embodiments, controller 154 may cause radio 144 toprocess reception of the data portion of the received frame over asingle-carrier, for example, if the MCS value in the header portion ofthe received frame is an MCS value of an LPSC PHY scheme, e.g., an MCSvalue between 25 and 31.

In some demonstrative embodiments, the processing in the PHY layer of adevice receiving a frame (“the receiving device”), e.g., device 140, maybe pipelined. Accordingly, by the time the header of the received frameis decoded by the receiving device, the receiving device may havealready started processing of a next symbol of the frame. The nextsymbol may be different for OFDM and SC, e.g., even in an initial timedomain processing.

In some demonstrative embodiments, device 102 may be configured topossibly add one or more dummy elements, e.g., one dummy element, twodummy elements or more than two dummy elements, for example, followingthe header of the frame, e.g., before a “real” data element of the dataportion of the frame.

In some demonstrative embodiments, the one or more dummy elements mayinclude one or more OFDM symbols, for example, if the frame is an OFDMframe.

For example, controller 124 may cause message processor 128 to add oneor more OFDM symbols, e.g., one or more dummy OFDM symbols, for example,following header portion 306 (FIG. 3), e.g., before the data symbols 309(FIG. 3) of data portion 308 (FIG. 3), for example, when processingtransmission of an OFDM frame.

In some demonstrative embodiments, the one or more dummy elements mayinclude one or more LPSC blocks, for example, if the frame is an LPSCframe.

For example, controller 124 may cause message processor 128 to add oneor more LPSC blocks, e.g., one or more dummy LPSC blocks, for example,following header portion 206 (FIG. 2), e.g., before the data blocks 209(FIG. 2) of data portion 208 (FIG. 2), for example, when processingtransmission of an LPSC frame.

In some demonstrative embodiments, the dummy elements may allow thedevice receiving the frame, for example, to decode the header portion ofthe received frame, e.g., before the first “real” data symbol or blockis to be processed.

In some demonstrative embodiments, devices 102, 140 and/or 190 may beconfigured to communicate frames including a header, which may bemodulated and encoded according to the SC PHY scheme, and may includethe MCS value of the OFDM PHY scheme or the LPSC PHY scheme, e.g., asdescribed above.

In some demonstrative embodiments, devices 102 and/or 140 may beconfigured to communicate frames having first and second headers, e.g.,as described below.

In some demonstrative embodiments, device 102 may be configured to use alegacy, conventional or current SC header (“the first header”) to“spoof” a SC device, e.g., device 190, to correct the right length for apacket, e.g., an OFDM packet or an LPSC packet.

In some demonstrative embodiments, device 102 may be configured to addanother header (“the second header”), e.g., immediately following thefirst header, with “correct” OFDM or LPSC information, e.g., asdescribed below.

In some demonstrative embodiments, the second header may be configuredto be processed, for example, by a device, e.g., device 140, which maybe configured to support OFDM PHY and/or LPSC PHY, e.g., as describedbelow.

In some demonstrative embodiments, device 102 may be configured togenerate and transmit a frame having the SC header (“the first header”)followed by an additional header (“the second header”), e.g., configuredfor OFDM and/or LPSC.

FIG. 4 is a schematic block diagram illustration a frame structure of aframe 400 including two headers, in accordance with some demonstrativeembodiments. In some demonstrative embodiments, device 102 (FIG. 1) maybe configured to generate and transmit a frame, e.g., an OFDM frame oran LPSC frame, having the frame structure of FIG. 4, and/or device 140(FIG. 1) may be configured to process reception of a frame, e.g., andOFDM frame of an LPSC frame, having the frame structure of FIG. 4, e.g.,as described below.

In some demonstrative embodiments, as shown in FIG. 4, frame 400 mayinclude a short training field 202, a CE field 204, a first header field206, a second header field 426, a data portion 408, an Automatic GainControl (AGC) field 410, and/or a Training (TRN) field 412.

In some demonstrative embodiments, as shown in FIG. 4, data portion 408may include a plurality of OFDM symbols 409, e.g., if frame 400 is anOFDM frame.

In other embodiments, data portion 408 may include a plurality of datablocks (not shown), e.g., if frame 400 is an LPSC frame.

In some demonstrative embodiments, the first header 406 may beconfigured to have a structure, which may be in accordance with a headerof a SC frame.

In some demonstrative embodiments, first header 406 may include a lengthfield 413, which may include a first length value, and an MCS field 415,which may include a first MCS value.

In some demonstrative embodiments, the first header 406 may beconfigured to indicate a mandatory SC MCS value, and a length, whichmay, for example, cover the second header and one or more additionalportions of the frame, e.g., including all additional OFDM symbols of anOFDM frame, or all LPSC blocks of an LPSC frame.

In some demonstrative embodiments, length field 413 may include thefirst length value configured according to a length of the second header426 and the data portion 408.

In some demonstrative embodiments, the MCS field 415 may include thefirst MCS value within a range of MCS values in accordance with a SC PHYscheme. For example, the MCS field 415 may include the first MCS valuein the range between 1 and 12.

In some demonstrative embodiments, the first header 406 may include anindication 411 of the second header 426.

In some demonstrative embodiments, indication 411 may be in the form ofa bit of one of the reserved bits in a SC header or any other indicationor bit, to indicate that the second header 426 follows the first header406. For example, controller 124 (FIG. 1) may set a reserved bit inheader 406 to a predefined value, e.g., one, to indicate presence of thesecond header 426.

In some demonstrative embodiments, the second header 426 may include alength field 421, which may include a second length value, and an MCSfield 423, which may include a second MCS value. The second header 426may optionally include one or more additional fields, e.g., one or moreOFDM or LPSC fields.

In some demonstrative embodiments, MCS field 423 may include an MCSvalue corresponding to an MCS to be applied to the data portion 408.

In some demonstrative embodiments, MCS field 423 may include an MCSvalue of the OFDM PHY scheme (“OFDM MCS”), e.g., an MCS value between 13and 24, for example, if data portion 408 is to be modulated and encodedaccording to an OFDM PHY scheme, e.g., if the frame is an OFDM frame.

In some demonstrative embodiments, MCS field 423 may include an MCSvalue of the LPSC PHY scheme (“LPSC MCS value”), e.g., an MCS valuebetween 25 and 31, for example, if data portion 408 is to be modulatedand encoded according to an LPSC PHY scheme, e.g., if the frame is anLPSC frame.

In some demonstrative embodiments, the length field 411 may include anindication of the actual length of the frame.

In some demonstrative embodiments, the length field 411 may include thesecond length value configured, for example, according to at least alength of the data portion 408.

In some demonstrative embodiments, the first MCS value in the MCS field415 of the first header may be set, for example, to indicate whether ornot the frame 400 is an OFDM frame or an LPSC frame.

In one example, controller 124 (FIG. 1) may set the first MCS value inthe MCS field 415 of the first header 406 to a first value, for example,“1”, to indicate the frame is an OFDM frame.

In another example, controller 124 (FIG. 1) may set the first MCS valuein the MCS field 415 of the first header 406 to a second value, forexample, “2”, to indicate the frame is an LPSC frame.

In some demonstrative embodiments, setting the MCS value in the firstheader 406 to indicate whether the frame 400 is an OFDM frame or an LPSCframe may enable, for example, to provide an early indication of theframe type to a device receiving the frame 400, e.g., device 140 (FIG.1). The device receiving the packet, e.g., device 140 (FIG. 1), may beable to use this indication, for example, to prepare for thedemodulation and/or decoding of the symbols or bits following the header406.

In some demonstrative embodiments, setting the MCS value in the firstheader 406 to an MCS value according to a SC PHY scheme, e.g., a valuebetween 1 and 12, may have an advantage, for example, of allowing somedevices, for example, legacy devices, e.g., device 190, already in themarket, to support demodulating and/or decoding the length of OFDMand/or LPSC packets. For example, otherwise, these devices may interpreta header with an OFDM or LPSC MCS as an illegal SC header, and may dropthe packet including frame 400.

In some demonstrative embodiments, the first length value, which may beincluded in the length field 413, may include a number of SC blockscorresponding at least to the length of the second header 426 and thedata portion 408, e.g., as described below.

In some demonstrative embodiments, controller 124 (FIG. 1) may beconfigured to determine the first length value, denoted Length, to beincluded in the length field 413 of the first header 406, for example,based on a length of data portion 408, denoted T_(data).

For example, controller 124 (FIG. 1) may be configured to determine thelength T_(data) e.g., as T_(data)=N_(SYM)*T_(SYM), for example, whereinN_(SYM) denotes a number of symbols in the frame 400, and T_(SYM)denotes a length of a symbol.

In some demonstrative embodiments, device 102 may determine the valueLength, for example, as follows:

Length=14┌(T _(data) +T _(headers) _(SC) −T _(GI))/T _(BLK)┐  (1)

wherein T_(BLK) denotes a time of a single SC block, e.g., 512/1760microseconds (usecs), wherein T_(header) _(SC) denotes a duration of aSC header, and wherein T_(GI) denotes a Guard Interval duration, e.g.,in accordance with an IEEE 802.11 standard, e.g., IEEE 802.11ad-2012 orany other Specification or protocol.

In some demonstrative embodiments, the second header 426 may be encodedand/or modulated, for example, in the same way as the first header 406.

In some demonstrative embodiments, the first header 406 and the secondheader 426 may be modulated and encoded according to a SC PHY scheme.

In one example, the first header 406 (“SC header”) may include at leastone or more of the following fields:

TABLE 1 Number Start Field Name of bits bit Description Scrambler 7 0Bits X1-X7 of the initial scrambler state. Initialization MCS 5 7 Indexinto the Modulation and Coding Scheme table Length 18 12 Number of dataoctets in the PSDU. Range 1-262143 Additional 1 30 Contains a copy ofthe parameter ADD- PPDU PPDU from the TXVECTOR. A value of 1 indicatesthat this PPDU is immediately followed by another PPDU with no IFS orpreamble on the subsequent PPDU. A value of 0 indicates that noadditional PPDU follows this PPDU. Packet Type 1 31 Corresponds to theTXVECTOR parameter PACKETTYPE. Packet Type = 0 indicates either a PPDUwhose data part is followed by one or more TRN subfields (when the BeamTracking Request field is 0 or in Control PHY), or a PPDU that containsa request for TRN subfields to be appended to a future response PPDU(when the Beam Tracking Request field is 1). Packet Type = 1 indicates aPPDU whose data part is followed by one or more TRN subfields. The fieldis reserved when the Training Length field is 0. Training 5 32Corresponds to the TXVECTOR Length parameter TRN-LEN. If the BeamTracking Request field is 0, the Training Length field indicates thelength of the training field. The use of this field is defined in21.10.2.2.3. A value of 0 indicates that no training field is present inthis PPDU. If the Beam Tracking Request field is 1 and the Packet Typefield is 1, the Training Length field indicates the length of thetraining field. If the Packet Type field is 0, the Training Length fieldindicates the length of the training field requested for receivetraining. Aggregation 1 37 Set to 1 to indicate that the PPDU in thedata portion of the packet contains an A- MPDU; otherwise, set to 0.Beam 1 38 Corresponds to the TXVECTOR Tracking parameter RequestBEAM_TRACKING_REQUEST. Set to 1 to indicate the need for beam tracking(9.38.7); otherwise, set to 0. The Beam Tracking Request field isreserved when the Training Length field is 0. Last RSSI 4 39 Contains acopy of the parameter LAST_RSSI from the TXVECTOR. When set to 0, thisfield reserved and ignored by the receiver. The value is an unsignedinteger: Values of 2-14 represent power levels (−71 + value × 2) dBm. Avalue of 15 represents a power greater than or equal to −42 dBm. A valueof 1 represents a power less than or equal to −68 dBm. Value of 0indicates that the previous packet was not received a SIFS period beforethe current transmission. Turnaround 1 43 As defined in Table 21-1.Reserved 3 44 Set to 0, ignored by the receiver OFDM or 1 47 Set to 1 toindicate that an additional LPSC header (OFDM or LPSC follows thisfollows header) HCS 16 48 Header check sequence

In one example, the second header 426, e.g., an “OFDM header” for anOFDM packet, may follow the first header 406, e.g., the header of Table1, and may include at least one or more of the following fields:

TABLE 2 Number Start Field Name of bits Bit Description MCS 5 0 Indexinto the Modulation and Coding Scheme table Length 18 5 Number of dataoctets in the PSDU. Range 1-262143. Tone Pairing 1 23 Set to 0 toindicate Static Tone Type Pairing (21.5.3.2.4.6.2); Set to 1 to indicateDynamic Tone Pairing (21.5.3.2.4.6.3). Only valid if MCS field value isin the range of 13-17; otherwise reserved. DTP Indicator 1 24 Bit flipused to indicate DTP update. Only valid when the Tone Pairing Type fieldis 1 and the MCS field value is in the range of 13-17; otherwisereserved. Reserved 23 25 Set 0, ignored by receiver HCS 16 48 Headercheck sequence. Definition of this field calculation in 21.5.3.1.3

In some demonstrative embodiments, the header 406 and/or the header 426may include any other additional or alternative field and/or parameters.

In some demonstrative embodiments, the header modulation of the SCheader 406 may include transmitting the header block 406 twice, whilethe second header 426, e.g., the new header, may be transmitted, forexample, only once.

Referring back to FIG. 1, in some demonstrative embodiments, controller124 may be configured to cause a wireless station, for example, awireless station implemented by device 102, to generate a frameincluding first and second headers, e.g., in accordance with thestructure of frame 400 (FIG. 1). For example, controller 124 may causemessage processor 128 to generate the frame.

In some demonstrative embodiments, controller 124 may cause the wirelessstation to generate a frame, e.g., frame 400 (FIG. 4) including at leasta CE field, e.g., CE field 404 (FIG. 4), a first header, e.g., header406 (FIG. 4), a second header, e.g., header 426 (FIG. 4), and a dataportion, e.g., data portion 408 (FIG. 4).

In some demonstrative embodiments, the first header may include anindication of the second header, e.g., indication 411 (FIG. 4).

In some demonstrative embodiments, the first header may include a firstlength value, e.g., in the length field 413 (FIG. 4), configuredaccording to a length of the second header and the data portion.

In some demonstrative embodiments, the first length value may include anumber of SC blocks corresponding to the length of at least the secondheader and the data portion, e.g., according to Equation 1.

In some demonstrative embodiments, the first header may include a firstMCS value, e.g., in the MCS field 415 (FIG. 4).

In some demonstrative embodiments, the second header may include asecond length value, e.g., in the length field 421 (FIG. 4), which maybe configured according to a length of the data portion.

In some demonstrative embodiments, the second header may include asecond MCS value, e.g., in the MCS field 423 (FIG. 4).

In some demonstrative embodiments, the first MCS value may include avalue in a range of MCS values of a SC PHY scheme, for example, a valuebetween 1 and 12.

In some demonstrative embodiments, controller 124 may set the MCS valuein the MCS field, e.g., MCS field 423 (FIG. 4), of the second header,e.g., header 426 (FIG. 4), according to a modulation and coding schemeto be applied to the data portion, e.g., data portion 408 (FIG. 4).

In some demonstrative embodiments, the second MCS value may include avalue in a range of MCS values of an OFDM PHY scheme, e.g., a valuebetween 13 and 24, for example, if the data portion is to be modulatedand encoded according to an OFDM PHY scheme.

In some demonstrative embodiments, the second MCS value may include avalue in a range of MCS values of an LPSC PHY scheme, e.g., a valuebetween 25 and 31, for example, if the data portion is to be modulatedand encoded according to an LPSC PHY scheme.

In some demonstrative embodiments, controller 124 may cause the wirelessstation to modulate and encode the CE field, the first header, and thesecond header according to a SC PHY scheme. For example, controller 124may cause the wireless station to modulate and encode CE field 404 (FIG.4), header 406 (FIG. 4), and header 406 (FIG. 4) according to the SC PHYscheme.

In some demonstrative embodiments, controller 124 may cause the wirelessstation to modulate and encode the data portion according to the OFDMPHY scheme or the LPSC PHY scheme.

In some demonstrative embodiments, the frame may include an OFDM frame.According to these embodiments, controller 124 may cause the wirelessstation to modulate and encode the data portion of the frame, e.g., dataportion 408 (FIG. 4), according to the OFDM PHY scheme.

In some demonstrative embodiments, the frame may include an LPSC frame,having an LPSC frame structure. According to these embodiments,controller 124 may cause the wireless station to modulate and encode thedata portion the frame, e.g., data portion 408 (FIG. 4), according tothe LPSC PHY scheme, e.g., as described below.

In some demonstrative embodiments, controller 124 may cause the wirelessstation to process transmission of the frame. For example, controller124 may cause radio 114 to transmit the frame.

In some demonstrative embodiments, controller 124 may cause the wirelessstation to process transmission of the first and/or second headers ofthe frame, e.g., header 406 (FIG. 4) and header 426 (FIG. 4), over asingle carrier, and/or the data portion of the frame, e.g., data portion408 (FIG. 4), over a multi-carrier, for example, if the frame is an OFDMframe.

In some demonstrative embodiments, controller 124 may cause the wirelessstation to process transmission of the first and/or second headers ofthe frame, e.g., header 406 (FIG. 4) and header 426 (FIG. 4), and/or thedata portion of the frame, e.g., data portion 408 (FIG. 4), over asingle carrier, for example, if the frame is an LPSC frame.

In some demonstrative embodiments, controller 154 may be configured tocause a wireless station, for example, a wireless station implemented bydevice 140, to process reception of a frame (“the received frame”)including first and second headers and a data portion, e.g., accordingto the structure of frame 400 (FIG. 4). For example, controller 154 maycause radio 144 and/or message processor 158 to process reception of theframe.

In one example, the received frame may include the frame transmitted bydevice 102.

In some demonstrative embodiments, controller 154 may cause the wirelessstation to demodulate and decode the CE field, e.g., CE field 404 (FIG.4), the first header, e.g., header 406 (FIG. 4), and/or the secondheader, e.g., header 426 (FIG. 4), according to a SC PHY scheme.

In some demonstrative embodiments, the second header of the receivedframe, e.g., header 426 (FIG. 4), may include an MCS value of an OFDMPHY scheme or an LPSC PHY scheme, e.g., in MCS field 423 (FIG. 4).

In some demonstrative embodiments, controller 154 may cause the wirelessstation to demodulate and decode the data portion of the received frameaccording to the OFDM PHY scheme or the LPSC PHY scheme, for example,based on the second MCS value in the second header portion of thereceived frame, e.g., the MCS value in MCS field 423 (FIG. 4).

In some demonstrative embodiments, controller 154 may cause the wirelessstation to demodulate and decode the data portion of the received frame,e.g., data portion 408 (FIG. 4), according to the OFDM PHY scheme, forexample, when the MCS value, e.g., in MCS field 423 (FIG. 4), is between13 and 24.

In some demonstrative embodiments, controller 154 may cause the wirelessstation to demodulate and decode the data portion of the received frame,e.g., data portion 408 (FIG. 4), according to the LPSC PHY scheme, forexample, when the MCS value, e.g., in MCS field 423 (FIG. 4), is between25 and 31.

In some demonstrative embodiments, controller 154 may cause the wirelessstation to process reception of the first and/or second headers of theframe, e.g., headers 406 and 426 (FIG. 4), over a single carrier, and/orthe data portion of the frame, e.g., data portion 408 (FIG. 4), over amulti-carrier.

In some demonstrative embodiments, controller 154 may cause radio 144 toprocess reception of the data portion of the received frame over amulti-carrier, for example, if the MCS value in the second header of thereceived frame, e.g., the MCS value in MCS field 423 (FIG. 4), is an MCSvalue of an OFDM PHY scheme, e.g., an MCS value between 13 and 24.

In some demonstrative embodiments, controller 124 may cause the wirelessstation to process reception of the first and/or second headers of theframe, e.g., headers 406 and 426 (FIG. 4), and/or the data portion ofthe received frame, e.g., data portion 408 (FIG. 4), over a singlecarrier, for example, if the frame is an LPSC frame.

In some demonstrative embodiments, controller 154 may cause radio 144 toprocess reception of the data portion of the received frame over asingle-carrier, for example, if the MCS value in the second header ofthe received frame, e.g., the MCS value in MCS field 423 (FIG. 4), is anMCS value of an LPSC PHY scheme, e.g., an MCS value between 25 and 31.

In some demonstrative embodiments, another device, e.g., device 190, maybe able to demodulate and decode the first header, e.g., header 406(FIG. 4), and to determine the duration of the frame, e.g., based on thelength indicated by the length field of the first header, e.g., lengthfield 413 (FIG. 4), for example, even if device 190 (FIG. 1) is notcapable of supporting the OFDM PHY scheme and/or the LPSC PHY scheme.

Reference is made to FIG. 5, which schematically illustrates a method ofcommunicating a wireless transmission according to a PHY scheme, inaccordance with some demonstrative embodiments. For example, one or moreof the operations of the method of FIG. 5 may be performed by one ormore elements of a system, e.g., system 100 (FIG. 1), for example, oneor more wireless devices, e.g., device 102 (FIG. 1) and/or device 140(FIG. 1), a controller, e.g., controller 124 (FIG. 1) and/or controller154 (FIG. 1), a radio, e.g., radio 114 (FIG. 1) and/or radio 144 (FIG.1), and/or a message processor, e.g., message processor 128 (FIG. 1)and/or message processor 158 (FIG. 1).

As indicated at block 502, the method may include generating a frameincluding a header and a data portion, the header including an MCS valueof an OFDM PHY scheme or an LPSC PHY scheme. For example, controller 124(FIG. 1) may cause message processor 128 (FIG. 1) to generate frame 300(FIG. 3) including the MCS value of the OFDM PHY scheme in header 306(FIG. 3); or to generate frame 200 (FIG. 2) including the MCS value ofthe LPSC PHY scheme in header 206 (FIG. 2), e.g., as described above.

As indicated at block 504, the method may include modulating andencoding the header according to a SC PHY scheme. For example,controller 124 (FIG. 1) may cause device 102 (FIG. 1) to modulate andencode the header according to the SC PHY scheme, e.g., as describedabove.

As indicated at block 506, the method may include modulating andencoding the data portion according to the OFDM PHY scheme or the LPSCPHY scheme. For example, controller 124 (FIG. 1) may cause device 102(FIG. 1) to modulate and encode the data portion according to the OFDMPHY scheme or the LPSC PHY scheme, for example, according to the MCSvalue, e.g., as described above.

As indicated at block 508, the method may include processingtransmission of the frame. For example, For example, controller 124(FIG. 1) may cause device 102 (FIG. 1) to process transmission of theframe, e.g., as described above.

As indicated at block 510, the method may include processing receptionof the frame. For example, controller 154 (FIG. 1) may cause messageprocessor 158 (FIG. 1) to process reception of the frame, e.g., asdescribed above.

As indicated at block 512, the method may include demodulating anddecoding the header of the frame according to a SC PHY scheme. Forexample, controller 154 (FIG. 1) may cause device 140 (FIG. 1) todemodulate and decode the header of the frame according to a SC PHYscheme, e.g., as described above.

As indicated at block 514, the method may include demodulating anddecoding the data portion of the frame according to the OFDM PHY schemeor the LPSC PHY scheme, e.g., based on the MCS value in the header ofthe frame. For example, controller 154 (FIG. 1) may cause device 140(FIG. 1) to demodulate and decode the data portion of the frameaccording to an OFDM PHY scheme or the LPSC PHY scheme, for example,based on the MCS value in the header of the frame, e.g., as describedabove.

Reference is made to FIG. 6, which schematically illustrates a method ofcommunicating a wireless transmission according to a PHY scheme, inaccordance with some demonstrative embodiments. For example, one or moreof the operations of the method of FIG. 6 may be performed by one ormore elements of a system, e.g., system 100 (FIG. 1), for example, oneor more wireless devices, e.g., device 102 (FIG. 1) and/or device 140(FIG. 1), a controller, e.g., controller 124 (FIG. 1) and/or controller154 (FIG. 1), a radio, e.g., radio 114 (FIG. 1) and/or radio 144 (FIG.1), and/or a message processor, e.g., message processor 128 (FIG. 1)and/or message processor 158 (FIG. 1).

As indicated at block 602, the method may include generating a frameincluding a CE field, a first header, a second header, and a dataportion, the first header including an indication of the second header,a first length value configured according to a length of the secondheader and the data portion, and a first MCS value, the second headerincluding a second length value configured according to a length of thedata portion, and a second MCS value. For example, controller 124(FIG. 1) may cause message processor 128 (FIG. 1) to generate frame 400(FIG. 4), e.g., as described above.

As indicated at block 604, the method may include modulating andencoding the CE field, the first header, and the second header accordingto a SC PHY scheme. For example, controller 124 (FIG. 1) may causedevice 102 (FIG. 1) to modulate and encode the CE field 404 (FIG. 4),header 406 (FIG. 4), and header 426 (FIG. 4) according to the SC PHYscheme, e.g., as described above.

As indicated at block 606, the method may include modulating andencoding the data portion according to the OFDM PHY scheme or the LPSCPHY scheme. For example, controller 124 (FIG. 1) may cause device 102(FIG. 1) to modulate and encode the data portion 408 (FIG. 4) accordingto the OFDM PHY scheme or the LPSC PHY scheme, for example, according tothe second MCS value in MCS field 423 (FIG. 4), e.g., as describedabove.

As indicated at block 608, the method may include processingtransmission of the frame. For example, For example, controller 124(FIG. 1) may cause device 102 (FIG. 1) to process transmission of frame400 (FIG. 4), e.g., as described above.

As indicated at block 610, the method may include processing receptionof the frame. For example, controller 154 (FIG. 1) may cause messageprocessor 158 (FIG. 1) to process reception of the frame 400 (FIG. 4),e.g., as described above.

As indicated at block 612, the method may include demodulating anddecoding the CE field, the first header, and the second header accordingto a SC PHY scheme. For example, controller 154 (FIG. 1) may causedevice 140 (FIG. 1) to demodulate and CE field 404 (FIG. 4), header 406(FIG. 4), and header 426 (FIG. 4) according to a SC PHY scheme, e.g., asdescribed above.

As indicated at block 614, the method may include demodulating anddecoding the data portion of the frame according to the OFDM PHY schemeor the LPSC PHY scheme, e.g., based on the second MCS value in thesecond header of the frame. For example, controller 154 (FIG. 1) maycause device 140 (FIG. 1) to demodulate and decode the data portion 408(FIG. 4) of the frame 400 (FIG. 4) according to an OFDM PHY scheme orthe LPSC PHY scheme, for example, based on the MCS value in the MCSfield 423 (FIG. 4), e.g., as described above.

Reference is made to FIG. 7, which schematically illustrates a productof manufacture 700, in accordance with some demonstrative embodiments.Product 700 may include a non-transitory machine-readable storage medium702 to store logic 704, which may be used, for example, to perform atleast part of the functionality of devices 102 and/or 140 (FIG. 1),transmitters 118 and/or 148 (FIG. 1), receivers 116 and/or 146 (FIG. 1),controllers 124 and/or 154 (FIG. 1), message processors 128 (FIG. 1)and/or 158 (FIG. 1), and/or to perform one or more operations and/orfunctionalities, for example, one or more operations of the method ofFIGS. 5 and/or 6. The phrase “non-transitory machine-readable medium” isdirected to include all computer-readable media, with the sole exceptionbeing a transitory propagating signal.

In some demonstrative embodiments, product 700 and/or machine-readablestorage medium 702 may include one or more types of computer-readablestorage media capable of storing data, including volatile memory,non-volatile memory, removable or non-removable memory, erasable ornon-erasable memory, writeable or re-writeable memory, and the like. Forexample, machine-readable storage medium 702 may include, RAM, DRAM,Double-Data-Rate DRAM (DDR-DRAM), SDRAM, static RAM (SRAM), ROM,programmable ROM (PROM), erasable programmable ROM (EPROM), electricallyerasable programmable ROM (EEPROM), Compact Disk ROM (CD-ROM), CompactDisk Recordable (CD-R), Compact Disk Rewriteable (CD-RW), flash memory(e.g., NOR or NAND flash memory), content addressable memory (CAM),polymer memory, phase-change memory, ferroelectric memory,silicon-oxide-nitride-oxide-silicon (SONOS) memory, a disk, a floppydisk, a hard drive, an optical disk, a magnetic disk, a card, a magneticcard, an optical card, a tape, a cassette, and the like. Thecomputer-readable storage media may include any suitable media involvedwith downloading or transferring a computer program from a remotecomputer to a requesting computer carried by data signals embodied in acarrier wave or other propagation medium through a communication link,e.g., a modem, radio or network connection.

In some demonstrative embodiments, logic 704 may include instructions,data, and/or code, which, if executed by a machine, may cause themachine to perform a method, process and/or operations as describedherein. The machine may include, for example, any suitable processingplatform, computing platform, computing device, processing device,computing system, processing system, computer, processor, or the like,and may be implemented using any suitable combination of hardware,software, firmware, and the like.

In some demonstrative embodiments, logic 704 may include, or may beimplemented as, software, a software module, an application, a program,a subroutine, instructions, an instruction set, computing code, words,values, symbols, and the like. The instructions may include any suitabletype of code, such as source code, compiled code, interpreted code,executable code, static code, dynamic code, and the like. Theinstructions may be implemented according to a predefined computerlanguage, manner or syntax, for instructing a processor to perform acertain function. The instructions may be implemented using any suitablehigh-level, low-level, object-oriented, visual, compiled and/orinterpreted programming language, such as C, C++, Java, BASIC, Matlab,Pascal, Visual BASIC, assembly language, machine code, and the like.

Examples

The following examples pertain to further embodiments.

Example 1 includes an apparatus comprising circuitry configured to causea wireless station to generate a frame comprising a header and a dataportion, the header comprising a modulation and coding scheme (MCS)value of an Orthogonal Frequency Divisional Multiplexing (OFDM) Physicallayer (PHY) scheme or a Low Power Single Carrier (LPSC) PHY scheme;modulate and encode the header according to a Single Carrier (SC) PHYscheme; modulate and encode the data portion according to the OFDM PHYscheme or the LPSC PHY scheme; and process transmission of the frame.

Example 2 includes the subject matter of Example 1 being configured tocause the wireless station to set the MCS value to a value between 13and 24, and to modulate and encode the data portion according to theOFDM PHY scheme.

Example 3 includes the subject matter of Example 2 being configured tocause the wireless station to process transmission of the header over asingle carrier, and the data portion over a multi-carrier.

Example 4 includes the subject matter of Example 1 being configured tocause the wireless station to set the MCS value to a value between 25and 31, and to modulate and encode the data portion according to theLPSC PHY scheme.

Example 5 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 1-4, andoptionally, wherein the frame comprises one or more dummy elements afterthe header and before the data portion, the one or more dummy elementscomprising at least one element selected from the group consisting ofone or more OFDM symbols, and one or more dummy LPSC blocks.

Example 6 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 1-5, andoptionally, wherein the wireless station is a Direct Multi-Gigabit (DMG)station.

Example 7 includes the subject matter of Example 6 being configured tocause the wireless station to process transmission of the frame over aDMG band.

Example 8 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 1-7, andoptionally, comprising one or more antennas, and a memory.

Example 9 includes an apparatus comprising circuitry configured to causea wireless station to process reception of a frame comprising a headerand a data portion, the header comprising a modulation and coding scheme(MCS) value of an Orthogonal Frequency Divisional Multiplexing (OFDM)Physical layer (PHY) scheme or a Low Power Single Carrier (LPSC) PHYscheme; demodulate and decode the header according to a Single Carrier(SC) PHY scheme; and based on the MCS value, demodulate and decode thedata portion according to the OFDM PHY scheme or the LPSC PHY scheme.

Example 10 includes the subject matter of Example 9 being configured tocause the wireless station to demodulate and decode the data portionaccording to the OFDM PHY scheme, when the MCS value is between 13 and24.

Example 11 includes the subject matter of Example 10 being configured tocause the wireless station to process reception of the header over asingle carrier, and the data portion over a multi-carrier.

Example 12 includes the subject matter of Example 9 being configured tocause the wireless station to demodulate and decode the data portionaccording to the LPSC PHY scheme, when the MCS value is between 25 and31.

Example 13 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 9-12, andoptionally, wherein the frame comprises one or more dummy elements afterthe header and before the data portion, the one or more dummy elementscomprising at least one element selected from the group consisting ofone or more OFDM symbols, and one or more dummy LPSC blocks.

Example 14 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 9-13, andoptionally, wherein the wireless station is a Direct Multi-Gigabit (DMG)station.

Example 15 includes the subject matter of Example 14 being configured tocause the wireless station to process reception of the frame over a DMGband.

Example 16 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 9-15, andoptionally, comprising one or more antennas, and a memory.

Example 17 includes an apparatus comprising circuitry configured tocause a wireless station to generate a frame comprising a channelestimation (CE) field, a first header, a second header, and a dataportion, the first header comprising an indication of the second header,a first length value configured according to a length of the secondheader and the data portion, and a first modulation and coding scheme(MCS) value, the second header comprising a second length valueconfigured according to a length of the data portion, and a second MCSvalue; modulate and encode the CE field, the first header and the secondheader according to a Single Carrier (SC) Physical layer (PHY) scheme;modulate and encode the data portion according to an OrthogonalFrequency Divisional Multiplexing (OFDM) PHY scheme or a Low Power SC(LPSC) PHY scheme; and process transmission of the frame.

Example 18 includes the subject matter of Example 17, and optionally,wherein the first header comprises a reserved bit set to a predefinedvalue to indicate presence of the second header.

Example 19 includes the subject matter of Example 17 or 18, andoptionally, wherein the first length value comprises a number of SCblocks corresponding to the length of the second header and the dataportion.

Example 20 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 17-19, andoptionally, wherein the first MCS value is between 1 and 12, and thesecond MCS value is greater than 12.

Example 21 includes the subject matter of Example 20 being configured tocause the wireless station to set the second MCS value to a valuebetween 13 and 24, and to modulate and encode the data portion accordingto the OFDM PHY scheme.

Example 22 includes the subject matter of Example 21 being configured tocause the wireless station to process transmission of the first andsecond headers over a single carrier, and the data portion over amulti-carrier.

Example 23 includes the subject matter of Example 20 being configured tocause the wireless station to set the second MCS value to a valuebetween 25 and 31, and to modulate and encode the data portion accordingto the LPSC PHY scheme.

Example 24 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 17-23, andoptionally, wherein the wireless station is a Direct Multi-Gigabit (DMG)station.

Example 25 includes the subject matter of Example 24 being configured tocause the wireless station to process transmission of the frame over aDMG band.

Example 26 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 17-25, andoptionally, comprising one or more antennas, and a memory.

Example 27 includes an apparatus comprising circuitry configured tocause a wireless station to process reception of a frame comprising achannel estimation (CE) field, a first header, a second header, and adata portion, the first header comprising an indication of the secondheader, a first length value configured according to a length of thesecond header and the data portion, and a first modulation and codingscheme (MCS) value, the second header comprising a second length valueconfigured according to a length of the data portion, and a second MCSvalue; demodulate and decode the CE field, the first header and thesecond header according to a Single Carrier (SC) Physical layer (PHY)scheme; and based on the second MCS value, demodulate and decode thedata portion according to an Orthogonal Frequency DivisionalMultiplexing (OFDM) PHY scheme or a Low Power SC (LPSC) PHY scheme.

Example 28 includes the subject matter of Example 27, and optionally,wherein the first header comprises a reserved bit set to a predefinedvalue to indicate presence of the second header.

Example 29 includes the subject matter of Example 27 or 28, andoptionally, wherein the first length value comprises a number of SCblocks corresponding to the length of the second header and the dataportion.

Example 30 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 27-29, andoptionally, wherein the first MCS value is between 1 and 12, and thesecond MCS value is greater than 12.

Example 31 includes the subject matter of Example 30 being configured tocause the wireless station to demodulate and decode the data portionaccording to the OFDM PHY scheme, when the second MCS value is between13 and 24.

Example 32 includes the subject matter of Example 31 being configured tocause the wireless station to process reception of the first and secondheaders over a single carrier, and the data portion over amulti-carrier.

Example 33 includes the subject matter of Example 30 being configured tocause the wireless station to demodulate and decode the data portionaccording to the LPSC PHY scheme, when the second MCS value is between25 and 31.

Example 34 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 27-33, andoptionally, wherein the wireless station is a Direct Multi-Gigabit (DMG)station.

Example 35 includes the subject matter of Example 34 being configured tocause the wireless station to process reception of the frame over a DMGband.

Example 36 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 27-35, andoptionally, comprising one or more antennas, and a memory.

Example 37 includes a method to be performed at a wireless station, themethod comprising generating a frame comprising a header and a dataportion, the header comprising a modulation and coding scheme (MCS)value of an Orthogonal Frequency Divisional Multiplexing (OFDM) Physicallayer (PHY) scheme or a Low Power Single Carrier (LPSC) PHY scheme;modulating and encoding the header according to a Single Carrier (SC)PHY scheme; modulating and encoding the data portion according to theOFDM PHY scheme or the LPSC PHY scheme; and processing transmission ofthe frame.

Example 38 includes the subject matter of Example 37, and optionally,comprising setting the MCS value to a value between 13 and 24, andmodulating and encoding the data portion according to the OFDM PHYscheme.

Example 39 includes the subject matter of Example 38, and optionally,comprising processing transmission of the header over a single carrier,and the data portion over a multi-carrier.

Example 40 includes the subject matter of Example 37, and optionally,comprising setting the MCS value to a value between 25 and 31, andmodulating and encoding the data portion according to the LPSC PHYscheme.

Example 41 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 37-40, andoptionally, wherein the frame comprises one or more dummy elements afterthe header and before the data portion, the one or more dummy elementscomprising at least one element selected from the group consisting ofone or more OFDM symbols, and one or more dummy LPSC blocks.

Example 42 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 37-41, andoptionally, wherein the wireless station is a Direct Multi-Gigabit (DMG)station.

Example 43 includes the subject matter of Example 42, and optionally,comprising processing transmission of the frame over a DMG band.

Example 44 includes a method to be performed at a wireless station, themethod comprising processing reception of a frame comprising a headerand a data portion, the header comprising a modulation and coding scheme(MCS) value of an Orthogonal Frequency Divisional Multiplexing (OFDM)Physical layer (PHY) scheme or a Low Power Single Carrier (LPSC) PHYscheme; demodulating and decoding the header according to a SingleCarrier (SC) PHY scheme; and based on the MCS value, demodulating anddecoding the data portion according to the OFDM PHY scheme or the LPSCPHY scheme.

Example 45 includes the subject matter of Example 44, and optionally,comprising demodulating and decoding the data portion according to theOFDM PHY scheme, when the MCS value is between 13 and 24.

Example 46 includes the subject matter of Example 45, and optionally,comprising processing reception of the header over a single carrier, andthe data portion over a multi-carrier.

Example 47 includes the subject matter of Example 44, and optionally,comprising demodulating and decoding the data portion according to theLPSC PHY scheme, when the MCS value is between 25 and 31.

Example 48 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 44-47, andoptionally, wherein the frame comprises one or more dummy elements afterthe header and before the data portion, the one or more dummy elementscomprising at least one element selected from the group consisting ofone or more OFDM symbols, and one or more dummy LPSC blocks.

Example 49 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 44-48, andoptionally, wherein the wireless station is a Direct Multi-Gigabit (DMG)station.

Example 50 includes the subject matter of Example 49, and optionally,comprising processing reception of the frame over a DMG band.

Example 51 includes a method to be performed at a wireless station, themethod comprising generating a frame comprising a channel estimation(CE) field, a first header, a second header, and a data portion, thefirst header comprising an indication of the second header, a firstlength value configured according to a length of the second header andthe data portion, and a first modulation and coding scheme (MCS) value,the second header comprising a second length value configured accordingto a length of the data portion, and a second MCS value; modulating andencoding the CE field, the first header and the second header accordingto a Single Carrier (SC) Physical layer (PHY) scheme; modulating andencoding the data portion according to an Orthogonal FrequencyDivisional Multiplexing (OFDM) PHY scheme or a Low Power SC (LPSC) PHYscheme; and processing transmission of the frame.

Example 52 includes the subject matter of Example 51, and optionally,wherein the first header comprises a reserved bit set to a predefinedvalue to indicate presence of the second header.

Example 53 includes the subject matter of Example 51 or 52, andoptionally, wherein the first length value comprises a number of SCblocks corresponding to the length of the second header and the dataportion.

Example 54 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 51-53, andoptionally, wherein the first MCS value is between 1 and 12, and thesecond MCS value is greater than 12.

Example 55 includes the subject matter of Example 54, and optionally,comprising setting the second MCS value to a value between 13 and 24,and modulating and encoding the data portion according to the OFDM PHYscheme.

Example 56 includes the subject matter of Example 55, and optionally,comprising processing transmission of the first and second headers overa single carrier, and the data portion over a multi-carrier.

Example 57 includes the subject matter of Example 54, and optionally,comprising setting the second MCS value to a value between 25 and 31,and modulating and encoding the data portion according to the LPSC PHYscheme.

Example 58 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 51-57, andoptionally, wherein the wireless station is a Direct Multi-Gigabit (DMG)station.

Example 59 includes the subject matter of Example 58, and optionally,comprising processing transmission of the frame over a DMG band.

Example 60 includes a method to be performed at a wireless station, themethod comprising processing reception of a frame comprising a channelestimation (CE) field, a first header, a second header, and a dataportion, the first header comprising an indication of the second header,a first length value configured according to a length of the secondheader and the data portion, and a first modulation and coding scheme(MCS) value, the second header comprising a second length valueconfigured according to a length of the data portion, and a second MCSvalue; demodulating and decoding the CE field, the first header and thesecond header according to a Single Carrier (SC) Physical layer (PHY)scheme; and based on the second MCS value, demodulating and decoding thedata portion according to an Orthogonal Frequency DivisionalMultiplexing (OFDM) PHY scheme or a Low Power SC (LPSC) PHY scheme.

Example 61 includes the subject matter of Example 60, and optionally,wherein the first header comprises a reserved bit set to a predefinedvalue to indicate presence of the second header.

Example 62 includes the subject matter of Example 60 or 61, andoptionally, wherein the first length value comprises a number of SCblocks corresponding to the length of the second header and the dataportion.

Example 63 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 60-62, andoptionally, wherein the first MCS value is between 1 and 12, and thesecond MCS value is greater than 12.

Example 64 includes the subject matter of Example 63, and optionally,comprising demodulating and decoding the data portion according to theOFDM PHY scheme, when the second MCS value is between 13 and 24.

Example 65 includes the subject matter of Example 64, and optionally,comprising processing reception of the first and second headers over asingle carrier, and the data portion over a multi-carrier.

Example 66 includes the subject matter of Example 63, and optionally,comprising demodulating and decoding the data portion according to theLPSC PHY scheme, when the second MCS value is between 25 and 31.

Example 67 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 60-66, andoptionally, wherein the wireless station is a Direct Multi-Gigabit (DMG)station.

Example 68 includes the subject matter of Example 67, and optionally,comprising processing reception of the frame over a DMG band.

Example 69 includes a product comprising one or more tangiblecomputer-readable non-transitory storage media comprisingcomputer-executable instructions operable to, when executed by at leastone computer processor, enable the at least one computer processor toimplement one or more operations, the operations comprising generating aframe comprising a header and a data portion, the header comprising amodulation and coding scheme (MCS) value of an Orthogonal FrequencyDivisional Multiplexing (OFDM) Physical layer (PHY) scheme or a LowPower Single Carrier (LPSC) PHY scheme; modulating and encoding theheader according to a Single Carrier (SC) PHY scheme; modulating andencoding the data portion according to the OFDM PHY scheme or the LPSCPHY scheme; and processing transmission of the frame.

Example 70 includes the subject matter of Example 69, and optionally,wherein the operations comprise setting the MCS value to a value between13 and 24, and modulating and encoding the data portion according to theOFDM PHY scheme.

Example 71 includes the subject matter of Example 70, and optionally,wherein the operations comprise processing transmission of the headerover a single carrier, and the data portion over a multi-carrier.

Example 72 includes the subject matter of Example 69, and optionally,wherein the operations comprise setting the MCS value to a value between25 and 31, and modulating and encoding the data portion according to theLPSC PHY scheme.

Example 73 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 69-72, andoptionally, wherein the frame comprises one or more dummy elements afterthe header and before the data portion, the one or more dummy elementscomprising at least one element selected from the group consisting ofone or more OFDM symbols, and one or more dummy LPSC blocks.

Example 74 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 69-73, andoptionally, wherein the wireless station is a Direct Multi-Gigabit (DMG)station.

Example 75 includes the subject matter of Example 74, and optionally,wherein the operations comprise processing transmission of the frameover a DMG band.

Example 76 includes a product comprising one or more tangiblecomputer-readable non-transitory storage media comprisingcomputer-executable instructions operable to, when executed by at leastone computer processor, enable the at least one computer processor toimplement one or more operations, the operations comprising processingreception of a frame comprising a header and a data portion, the headercomprising a modulation and coding scheme (MCS) value of an OrthogonalFrequency Divisional Multiplexing (OFDM) Physical layer (PHY) scheme ora Low Power Single Carrier (LPSC) PHY scheme; demodulating and decodingthe header according to a Single Carrier (SC) PHY scheme; and based onthe MCS value, demodulating and decoding the data portion according tothe OFDM PHY scheme or the LPSC PHY scheme.

Example 77 includes the subject matter of Example 76, and optionally,wherein the operations comprise demodulating and decoding the dataportion according to the OFDM PHY scheme, when the MCS value is between13 and 24.

Example 78 includes the subject matter of Example 77, and optionally,wherein the operations comprise processing reception of the header overa single carrier, and the data portion over a multi-carrier.

Example 79 includes the subject matter of Example 76, and optionally,wherein the operations comprise demodulating and decoding the dataportion according to the LPSC PHY scheme, when the MCS value is between25 and 31.

Example 80 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 76-79, andoptionally, wherein the frame comprises one or more dummy elements afterthe header and before the data portion, the one or more dummy elementscomprising at least one element selected from the group consisting ofone or more OFDM symbols, and one or more dummy LPSC blocks.

Example 81 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 76-80, andoptionally, wherein the wireless station is a Direct Multi-Gigabit (DMG)station.

Example 82 includes the subject matter of Example 81, and optionally,wherein the operations comprise processing reception of the frame over aDMG band.

Example 83 includes a product comprising one or more tangiblecomputer-readable non-transitory storage media comprisingcomputer-executable instructions operable to, when executed by at leastone computer processor, enable the at least one computer processor toimplement one or more operations, the operations comprising generating aframe comprising a channel estimation (CE) field, a first header, asecond header, and a data portion, the first header comprising anindication of the second header, a first length value configuredaccording to a length of the second header and the data portion, and afirst modulation and coding scheme (MCS) value, the second headercomprising a second length value configured according to a length of thedata portion, and a second MCS value; modulating and encoding the CEfield, the first header and the second header according to a SingleCarrier (SC) Physical layer (PHY) scheme; modulating and encoding thedata portion according to an Orthogonal Frequency DivisionalMultiplexing (OFDM) PHY scheme or a Low Power SC (LPSC) PHY scheme; andprocessing transmission of the frame.

Example 84 includes the subject matter of Example 83, and optionally,wherein the first header comprises a reserved bit set to a predefinedvalue to indicate presence of the second header.

Example 85 includes the subject matter of Example 83 or 84, andoptionally, wherein the first length value comprises a number of SCblocks corresponding to the length of the second header and the dataportion.

Example 86 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 83-85, andoptionally, wherein the first MCS value is between 1 and 12, and thesecond MCS value is greater than 12.

Example 87 includes the subject matter of Example 86, and optionally,wherein the operations comprise setting the second MCS value to a valuebetween 13 and 24, and modulating and encoding the data portionaccording to the OFDM PHY scheme.

Example 88 includes the subject matter of Example 87, and optionally,wherein the operations comprise processing transmission of the first andsecond headers over a single carrier, and the data portion over amulti-carrier.

Example 89 includes the subject matter of Example 86, and optionally,wherein the operations comprise setting the second MCS value to a valuebetween 25 and 31, and modulating and encoding the data portionaccording to the LPSC PHY scheme.

Example 90 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 83-89, andoptionally, wherein the wireless station is a Direct Multi-Gigabit (DMG)station.

Example 91 includes the subject matter of Example 90, and optionally,wherein the operations comprise processing transmission of the frameover a DMG band.

Example 92 includes a product comprising one or more tangiblecomputer-readable non-transitory storage media comprisingcomputer-executable instructions operable to, when executed by at leastone computer processor, enable the at least one computer processor toimplement one or more operations, the operations comprising processingreception of a frame comprising a channel estimation (CE) field, a firstheader, a second header, and a data portion, the first header comprisingan indication of the second header, a first length value configuredaccording to a length of the second header and the data portion, and afirst modulation and coding scheme (MCS) value, the second headercomprising a second length value configured according to a length of thedata portion, and a second MCS value; demodulating and decoding the CEfield, the first header and the second header according to a SingleCarrier (SC) Physical layer (PHY) scheme; and based on the second MCSvalue, demodulating and decoding the data portion according to anOrthogonal Frequency Divisional Multiplexing (OFDM) PHY scheme or a LowPower SC (LPSC) PHY scheme.

Example 93 includes the subject matter of Example 92, and optionally,wherein the first header comprises a reserved bit set to a predefinedvalue to indicate presence of the second header.

Example 94 includes the subject matter of Example 92 or 93, andoptionally, wherein the first length value comprises a number of SCblocks corresponding to the length of the second header and the dataportion.

Example 95 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 92-94, andoptionally, wherein the first MCS value is between 1 and 12, and thesecond MCS value is greater than 12.

Example 96 includes the subject matter of Example 95, and optionally,wherein the operations comprise demodulating and decoding the dataportion according to the OFDM PHY scheme, when the second MCS value isbetween 13 and 24.

Example 97 includes the subject matter of Example 96, and optionally,wherein the operations comprise processing reception of the first andsecond headers over a single carrier, and the data portion over amulti-carrier.

Example 98 includes the subject matter of Example 95, and optionally,wherein the operations comprise demodulating and decoding the dataportion according to the LPSC PHY scheme, when the second MCS value isbetween 25 and 31.

Example 99 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 92-98, andoptionally, wherein the wireless station is a Direct Multi-Gigabit (DMG)station.

Example 100 includes the subject matter of Example 99, and optionally,wherein the operations comprise processing reception of the frame over aDMG band.

Example 101 includes an apparatus of wireless communication by awireless station, the apparatus comprising means for generating a framecomprising a header and a data portion, the header comprising amodulation and coding scheme (MCS) value of an Orthogonal FrequencyDivisional Multiplexing (OFDM) Physical layer (PHY) scheme or a LowPower Single Carrier (LPSC) PHY scheme; means for modulating andencoding the header according to a Single Carrier (SC) PHY scheme; meansfor modulating and encoding the data portion according to the OFDM PHYscheme or the LPSC PHY scheme; and means for processing transmission ofthe frame.

Example 102 includes the subject matter of Example 101, and optionally,comprising means for setting the MCS value to a value between 13 and 24,and modulating and encoding the data portion according to the OFDM PHYscheme.

Example 103 includes the subject matter of Example 102, and optionally,comprising means for processing transmission of the header over a singlecarrier, and the data portion over a multi-carrier.

Example 104 includes the subject matter of Example 101, and optionally,comprising means for setting the MCS value to a value between 25 and 31,and modulating and encoding the data portion according to the LPSC PHYscheme.

Example 105 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 101-104,and optionally, wherein the frame comprises one or more dummy elementsafter the header and before the data portion, the one or more dummyelements comprising at least one element selected from the groupconsisting of one or more OFDM symbols, and one or more dummy LPSCblocks.

Example 106 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 101-105,and optionally, wherein the wireless station is a Direct Multi-Gigabit(DMG) station.

Example 107 includes the subject matter of Example 106, and optionally,comprising means for processing transmission of the frame over a DMGband.

Example 108 includes an apparatus of wireless communication by awireless station, the apparatus comprising means for processingreception of a frame comprising a header and a data portion, the headercomprising a modulation and coding scheme (MCS) value of an OrthogonalFrequency Divisional Multiplexing (OFDM) Physical layer (PHY) scheme ora Low Power Single Carrier (LPSC) PHY scheme; means for demodulating anddecoding the header according to a Single Carrier (SC) PHY scheme; andmeans for, based on the MCS value, demodulating and decoding the dataportion according to the OFDM PHY scheme or the LPSC PHY scheme.

Example 109 includes the subject matter of Example 108, and optionally,comprising means for demodulating and decoding the data portionaccording to the OFDM PHY scheme, when the MCS value is between 13 and24.

Example 110 includes the subject matter of Example 109, and optionally,comprising means for processing reception of the header over a singlecarrier, and the data portion over a multi-carrier.

Example 111 includes the subject matter of Example 108, and optionally,comprising means for demodulating and decoding the data portionaccording to the LPSC PHY scheme, when the MCS value is between 25 and31.

Example 112 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 108-111,and optionally, wherein the frame comprises one or more dummy elementsafter the header and before the data portion, the one or more dummyelements comprising at least one element selected from the groupconsisting of one or more OFDM symbols, and one or more dummy LPSCblocks.

Example 113 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 108-112,and optionally, wherein the wireless station is a Direct Multi-Gigabit(DMG) station.

Example 114 includes the subject matter of Example 113, and optionally,comprising means for processing reception of the frame over a DMG band.

Example 115 includes an apparatus of wireless communication by awireless station, the apparatus comprising means for generating a framecomprising a channel estimation (CE) field, a first header, a secondheader, and a data portion, the first header comprising an indication ofthe second header, a first length value configured according to a lengthof the second header and the data portion, and a first modulation andcoding scheme (MCS) value, the second header comprising a second lengthvalue configured according to a length of the data portion, and a secondMCS value; means for modulating and encoding the CE field, the firstheader and the second header according to a Single Carrier (SC) Physicallayer (PHY) scheme; means for modulating and encoding the data portionaccording to an Orthogonal Frequency Divisional Multiplexing (OFDM) PHYscheme or a Low Power SC (LPSC) PHY scheme; and means for processingtransmission of the frame.

Example 116 includes the subject matter of Example 115, and optionally,wherein the first header comprises a reserved bit set to a predefinedvalue to indicate presence of the second header.

Example 117 includes the subject matter of Example 115 or 116, andoptionally, wherein the first length value comprises a number of SCblocks corresponding to the length of the second header and the dataportion.

Example 118 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 115-117,and optionally, wherein the first MCS value is between 1 and 12, and thesecond MCS value is greater than 12.

Example 119 includes the subject matter of Example 118, and optionally,comprising means for setting the second MCS value to a value between 13and 24, and modulating and encoding the data portion according to theOFDM PHY scheme.

Example 120 includes the subject matter of Example 119, and optionally,comprising means for processing transmission of the first and secondheaders over a single carrier, and the data portion over amulti-carrier.

Example 121 includes the subject matter of Example 118, and optionally,comprising means for setting the second MCS value to a value between 25and 31, and modulating and encoding the data portion according to theLPSC PHY scheme.

Example 122 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 115-121,and optionally, wherein the wireless station is a Direct Multi-Gigabit(DMG) station.

Example 123 includes the subject matter of Example 122, and optionally,comprising means for processing transmission of the frame over a DMGband.

Example 124 includes an apparatus of wireless communication by awireless station, the apparatus comprising means for processingreception of a frame comprising a channel estimation (CE) field, a firstheader, a second header, and a data portion, the first header comprisingan indication of the second header, a first length value configuredaccording to a length of the second header and the data portion, and afirst modulation and coding scheme (MCS) value, the second headercomprising a second length value configured according to a length of thedata portion, and a second MCS value; means for demodulating anddecoding the CE field, the first header and the second header accordingto a Single Carrier (SC) Physical layer (PHY) scheme; and means for,based on the second MCS value, demodulating and decoding the dataportion according to an Orthogonal Frequency Divisional Multiplexing(OFDM) PHY scheme or a Low Power SC (LPSC) PHY scheme.

Example 125 includes the subject matter of Example 124, and optionally,wherein the first header comprises a reserved bit set to a predefinedvalue to indicate presence of the second header.

Example 126 includes the subject matter of Example 124 or 125, andoptionally, wherein the first length value comprises a number of SCblocks corresponding to the length of the second header and the dataportion.

Example 127 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 124-126,and optionally, wherein the first MCS value is between 1 and 12, and thesecond MCS value is greater than 12.

Example 128 includes the subject matter of Example 127, and optionally,comprising means for demodulating and decoding the data portionaccording to the OFDM PHY scheme, when the second MCS value is between13 and 24.

Example 129 includes the subject matter of Example 128, and optionally,comprising means for processing reception of the first and secondheaders over a single carrier, and the data portion over amulti-carrier.

Example 130 includes the subject matter of Example 127, and optionally,comprising means for demodulating and decoding the data portionaccording to the LPSC PHY scheme, when the second MCS value is between25 and 31.

Example 131 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 124-130,and optionally, wherein the wireless station is a Direct Multi-Gigabit(DMG) station.

Example 132 includes the subject matter of Example 131, and optionally,comprising means for processing reception of the frame over a DMG band.

Functions, operations, components and/or features described herein withreference to one or more embodiments, may be combined with, or may beutilized in combination with, one or more other functions, operations,components and/or features described herein with reference to one ormore other embodiments, or vice versa.

While certain features have been illustrated and described herein, manymodifications, substitutions, changes, and equivalents may occur tothose skilled in the art. It is, therefore, to be understood that theappended claims are intended to cover all such modifications and changesas fall within the true spirit of the disclosure.

1. (canceled)
 2. An apparatus comprising logic and circuitry configured to cause a wireless communication station to: modulate a plurality of fields of a frame according to a Single Carrier (SC) scheme, the plurality of fields comprising a Short Training Field (STF), a Channel Estimation Field (CEF), a first header, and a second header, the first header comprising a first indication to indicate a presence of the second header, the first header comprising a second indication to indicate whether a data portion of the frame is to be modulated according to the SC scheme or according to an Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) scheme; modulate the data portion of the frame according to the SC scheme or the OFDM scheme, in accordance with the second indication in the first header; and transmit the frame in a frequency band above 45 Gigahertz (GHz).
 3. The apparatus of claim 2, wherein the first indication comprises a reserved bit in the first header.
 4. The apparatus of claim 3, wherein the reserved bit has a value of “1” to indicate the presence of the second header.
 5. The apparatus of claim 2, wherein the second header comprises a Modulation and Coding Scheme (MCS) field to indicate an MCS to be applied to the data portion.
 6. The apparatus of claim 2, wherein the first header comprises a first Modulation and Coding Scheme (MCS) field, and the second header comprises a second MCS field.
 7. The apparatus of claim 6, wherein the first MCS field comprises an MCS value in the range 1-12.
 8. The apparatus of claim 2, wherein the second header comprises a length field based on a length of the data portion.
 9. The apparatus of claim 2, wherein the first header comprises a first length field, and the second header comprises a second length field.
 10. The apparatus of claim 2, wherein the first header comprises a length field to indicate a spoofed length of the frame.
 11. The apparatus of claim 10, wherein the length field is based on a number of SC blocks.
 12. The apparatus of claim 2 configured to cause the wireless communication station to set the second indication to a predefined value to indicate the OFDM scheme and to modulate the second portion of the frame according to the OFDM scheme.
 13. The apparatus of claim 2 configured to cause the wireless communication station to set the second indication to a predefined value to indicate the SC scheme and to modulate the second portion of the frame according to the SC scheme.
 14. The apparatus of claim 2, wherein the frame comprises a Training (TRN) field following the data portion.
 15. The apparatus of claim 2 comprising a Medium Access Control (MAC), and a Physical Layer (PHY).
 16. The apparatus of claim 2 comprising a radio.
 17. The apparatus of claim 2 comprising one or more antennas, a memory, and a processor.
 18. A product comprising one or more tangible computer-readable non-transitory storage media comprising computer-executable instructions operable to, when executed by at least one processor, enable the at least one processor to cause a wireless communication station to: modulate a plurality of fields of a frame according to a Single Carrier (SC) scheme, the plurality of fields comprising a Short Training Field (STF), a Channel Estimation Field (CEF), a first header, and a second header, the first header comprising a first indication to indicate a presence of the second header, the first header comprising a second indication to indicate whether a data portion of the frame is to be modulated according to the SC scheme or according to an Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) scheme; modulate the data portion of the frame according to the SC scheme or the OFDM scheme, in accordance with the second indication in the first header; and transmit the frame in a frequency band above 45 Gigahertz (GHz).
 19. The product of claim 18, wherein the first indication comprises a reserved bit in the first header.
 20. The product of claim 18, wherein the second header comprises a Modulation and Coding Scheme (MCS) field to indicate an MCS to be applied to the data portion.
 21. The product of claim 18, wherein the first header comprises a first Modulation and Coding Scheme (MCS) field, and the second header comprises a second MCS field.
 22. The product of claim 18, wherein the second header comprises a length field based on a length of the data portion.
 23. The product of claim 18, wherein the first header comprises a first length field, and the second header comprises a second length field.
 24. The product of claim 18, wherein the first header comprises a length field to indicate a spoofed length of the frame.
 25. The product of claim 24, wherein the length field is based on a number of SC blocks.
 26. The product of claim 18, wherein the frame comprises a Training (TRN) field following the data portion. 